翻译数据库中英对照：《中国的能源转型》白皮书 [9]
China's Energy Transition [9]
加强能源管网互联互通。为加强资源优化配置，中国加快建设横跨东西、纵贯南北、覆盖全国的能源网络基础设施，提升能源大范围远距离输送能力。形成“西电东送”北、中、南三大通道的跨省跨区输电格局，输电能力约3亿千瓦，建成20条特高压直流输电通道。不断完善区域电网主网架，形成以若干区域电网为主体、区域间有效互联的电网格局。基本形成油气“全国一张网”，油气资源优化配置和互济互保水平显著提升。截至2023年底，全国长输油气管网总里程约19万公里，其中原油管道3.3万公里、成品油管道3.3万公里、天然气管道12.4万公里。
Boosting energy network connectivity. In order to optimize the allocation of resources and increase its large-scale and long-distance energy transmission capacity, China has accelerated the construction of a cross-country energy network. It has built three west-to-east power transmission corridors across provinces and regions in northern, central, and southern China, with a capacity of about 300 GW, and has completed 20 ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission channels. It has also improved the function of major regional power grids and formed a grid framework centered on a number of regional power grids, with effective interconnection between regions. A unified national pipeline network has taken shape to optimize and coordinate oil and gas allocation and supply across regions. By the end of 2023, the total length of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline network in China was about 190,000 kilometers. This includes 33,000 kilometers of crude oil pipelines, 33,000 kilometers of refined oil pipelines, and 124,000 kilometers of natural gas pipelines.
提升能源储备应急能力。进一步健全以企业储备为主体、政府储备为补充、产品储备与产能储备有机结合的煤炭储备体系。逐步形成政府储备与企业储备相结合、战略储备与商业储备并举的石油储备体系。加快构建地方政府、供气企业、管输企业、城镇燃气企业各负其责的多层次天然气储气调峰体系。十年来，中国天然气储气能力实现翻番式增长。加强能源应急能力建设，建立预测预警机制，制定应急预案，完善演练制度和应急调度机制，增强对各类突发事件的防范能力。
Improving energy reserves for emergency response. China has further improved its coal reserve system, with corporate reserves as the mainstay, government reserves as a supplement, and a proper combination of product reserves and capacity reserves. An oil reserve system that integrates government and corporate reserves, and develops both strategic and commercial reserves is in place. Faster progress has been made in building a multilevel natural gas storage and peak-shaving system, with local governments, gas suppliers, pipeline transportation enterprises, and urban gas services fulfilling their respective responsibilities. Over the past decade, China’s natural gas storage capacity has doubled. The country has expanded its capacity for energy emergency response by establishing a prediction and early warning mechanism, formulating emergency plans, and improving the drill system and energy dispatch mechanism to guard against emergencies.
提升能源系统调节能力。深入实施煤电机组灵活性改造，合理布局天然气调峰电站，加快抽水蓄能电站建设，推进新型储能多元化发展。截至2023年底，具备灵活调节能力的火电装机容量近7亿千瓦，抽水蓄能装机容量5094万千瓦，新型储能规模3139万千瓦/6687万千瓦时、平均储能时长2.1小时。强化网间互补互济能力，挖掘可调节负荷、车网互动等需求侧响应能力。
Increasing the regulation capacity of the energy system. China has upgraded its coal-fired power units to have flexible load regulation capabilities. It has also built natural gas peak-shaving power stations and accelerated the construction of pumped-storage hydropower stations as part of the effort to diversify novel energy storage. By the end of 2023, the installed capacity of coal-fired power units with flexible load regulation capabilities was close to 700 GW, and that of pumped-storage hydropower stations 50,940 MW. The novel energy storage projects in China has a maximum output power of 31,390 MW and a total energy storage capacity of 66,870 MWh, with an average storage time of 2.1 hours. The country has strengthened complementarity and mutual assistance between grid networks and tapped into demand-side response, by means such as expanding adjustable power load and improving vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology.
四、大力发展能源新质生产力
IV. Developing New Quality Productive Forces in the Energy Sector
随着全球能源绿色低碳转型快速推进，“技术就是资源”的趋势愈加明显。科技创新是加快能源转型、发展能源新质生产力的核心要素。中国深入实施创新驱动发展战略，围绕巩固延伸优势产业、改造提升传统产业、加快培育未来产业，推进能源产业链创新链协同发展，不断提升能源含“新”量。
The rapid transition to green and low-carbon energy across the globe highlights the importance of technology. Technological innovation is the accelerator of energy transition leading the development of new quality productive forces in the energy sector. China has been intensifying its efforts to implement an innovation-driven development strategy in the sector. By leveraging its competitive industries, transforming and upgrading its traditional industries, and accelerating the cultivation of industries of the future, China has better coordinated the development of its industrial and innovation chains, and spurred innovation in its energy transition.
（一）健全能源科技创新体系
1. Improving the System for Innovation in Energy Technology
坚持创新是第一动力，加强能源科技创新顶层设计和统筹布局，加快构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研用深度融合的协同创新体系。
China is improving top-level design and overall plans to establish innovation as a primary driver in energy technology. It has accelerated efforts to build a synergetic and market-oriented innovation system which boosts the role of enterprises as the main players and expands coordination between production, education, research and application.
加强能源科技协同创新。围绕核电、油气等国家重大专项，先进可再生能源技术、储能和智能电网、氢能、煤炭清洁高效利用等重点研发计划，制定实施能源科技创新规划，强化科技创新顶层设计。建立健全能源领域全国重点实验室、国家工程研究中心、国家能源局研发创新平台，依托重大能源工程推进科技创新和成果转化，健全央地、政企、校企、院所等协同联动的能源重大技术装备攻关示范新模式。
Strengthening synergetic technology innovation. China has improved top-level design and formulated plans for technological innovation, with the focus on key national nuclear power, oil and gas projects, and key research and development programs for advanced renewable energy technology, energy storage, smart power grids, hydrogen energy, and clean and efficient coal usage. Efforts have also been made to establish and improve key national energy laboratories, national engineering research centers, and R&D innovation platforms under the National Energy Administration. Through major energy projects, China has expedited technological innovation and the application of technological advances, and optimized collaboration models for breakthroughs in key energy technology and equipment, involving coordinated efforts between central and local governments, between government and enterprises, between universities and enterprises, and among research institutes.
激发创新主体活力。强化能源企业科技创新主体地位，推动龙头企业牵头组建创新联合体，打造原创技术策源地和现代产业链链长。实行能源领域重大科技项目“揭榜挂帅”“赛马”等制度，有效激发研发主体创新活力。完善能源技术装备首台（套）支持政策，推进重大技术装备示范应用。支持创新型企业成长为创新发源地，完善扶持政策和公共服务体系，促进企业创新创业潜能充分释放。
Energizing innovators. China has strengthened the primary role of energy enterprises in technological innovation. It has encouraged leading enterprises to build innovation consortia to act as both sources of innovation and leaders of modern industrial chains. The country adopts an open competition mechanism for selecting the best candidates to undertake key energy technology projects and a multi-team research mechanism for finding the best pathways and achieving optimal results, with the purpose of motivating key R&D players in innovation. Policies have been improved to incentivize whoever makes the first breakthroughs in key technology and equipment, and pilot application of major technologies and equipment has been expedited. Innovative enterprises are also supported with preferential policies and better public services to grow into hubs of innovation.
（二）加快能源转型科技创新
2. Accelerating Technological Innovation in Energy Transition
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