翻译数据库中英对照：《中国的能源转型》白皮书 [11]
China's Energy Transition [11]
深入推进能源市场化改革，加快构建有效竞争的市场结构和市场体系，完善主要由市场决定能源价格的机制，强化统一大市场建设，打通能源市场“梗阻”，推动市场高效畅通运行，为各类经营主体营造稳定公平透明可预期的良好环境。
China has furthered market-oriented reform in the energy sector. It has accelerated the development of a market structure and system allowing effective competition, and has improved the mechanism for having energy prices determined primarily through market forces. The country has also focused on building a unified national market, removing barriers within the energy market, and facilitating smooth and efficient market operations. These efforts are designed to create a business enabling environment that is stable, fair, transparent and predictable.
持续深化能源市场化改革。电网统购统销局面基本打破，发电和售电环节全面引入市场竞争，配电环节引入社会资本投资，综合能源服务商、虚拟电厂、新型储能企业等新型主体蓬勃发展。民营企业成为新能源产业的主要力量，中国风电整机制造企业中民营企业约占60%，光伏设备制造企业绝大部分是民营企业。油气体制改革不断深化，组建国家管网公司，逐步形成上游油气资源多主体多渠道供应、中间统一管网高效集输、下游销售市场充分竞争的市场格局。
Advancing market-oriented reform in the energy sector. The monopoly held by power grid enterprises in the purchase and sale of electricity has been largely eliminated, and market competition has been introduced into power generation and sale. Private investment is now welcome in power distribution, and as a result, new market entities are thriving in the energy sector, including integrated energy service providers, virtual power plants, and new energy storage enterprises. Private enterprises have become the main force in China’s new energy sector, making up about 60 percent of all wind turbine manufacturers and almost all photovoltaic equipment manufacturers. The reform of oil and gas institutions is making further progress. A national oil and gas pipeline network corporation has been established, gradually creating a landscape wherein oil and gas are supplied by multiple entities through diverse channels, transported via a unified, highly efficient network of pipelines, and sold in a fully competitive market.
建设全国统一的能源市场。加快建设全国统一电力市场体系，省、区域、省间交易高效协同，中长期、现货、辅助服务交易有机衔接。组建电力交易中心、石油天然气交易中心和煤炭交易中心，搭建公开透明、功能完善的能源交易平台。全国市场化交易电量占全社会用电量比重由2016年的17%提高到2023年的61.4%，2023年风电光伏市场化交易电量占风电光伏总发电量的47%，有力促进了电力资源的优化配置和可再生能源的高效利用。
Developing a unified national energy market. China has accelerated progress on a unified national electricity market system that efficiently coordinates trade within and between provinces and regions and integrates medium- and long-term trade, spot trading, and trade in ancillary services. Trading centers for electricity, oil and gas, and coal have been established to create open and transparent energy trading platforms with complete functions. The share of market-traded electricity as part of the national total electricity consumption increased from 17 percent in 2016 to 61.4 percent in 2023. The share of market-traded wind and photovoltaic power accounted for 47 percent of total wind and photovoltaic power generation in 2023. These developments have contributed to a better allocation of electricity and a more efficient utilization of renewable energy.
完善能源价格形成机制。深化能源价格市场化改革，有序推动各类电源参与市场，不断完善新能源上网电价政策体系，全面放开工商业销售电价。建立煤电容量电价机制，推动煤电由基础性电源向支撑性调节性电源转变。出台系列促进节能减排的高耗能行业阶梯电价政策，完善分时电价政策，引导用户削峰填谷、错峰用电。构建起以“准许成本+合理收益”为核心、激励约束并重的自然垄断环节价格监管体系。健全灵活反映国际市场原油价格和国内供需形势变化的成品油价格形成机制。有序推进天然气门站价格市场化改革。煤炭中长期合同制度和市场价格形成机制不断完善。
Improving energy price formation mechanisms. Market-based energy pricing reform is furthering in China. The country encourages the orderly market trading of electricity from various energy sources and works consistently to improve its feed-in tariff policies for new energy. It has completely removed price controls over electricity for industrial and commercial use. China has established a capacity tariff mechanism for coal-fired power to transition coal from being the primary power source into serving a supporting and balancing role. The country has issued policies on tiered electricity pricing for energy-intensive industries to help conserve energy and reduce emissions. It has improved its pricing policy based on time of use to guide power users to reduce peak demand and shift their energy use to off-peak hours. It has established a price regulation system for natural monopolies that is based on authorized costs plus reasonable profits, and places equal emphasis on both incentives and constraints. Additionally, the country has improved its refined oil pricing mechanism to better reflect changes in international crude oil prices and domestic supply and demand dynamics. Advances have also been made in the market-oriented reform of natural gas citygate prices, as well as in the medium- and long-term contract system and market-based price formation mechanism of coal.
（二）加强政府引导和服务
2. Strengthening Government Guidance and Services
加快推进政府职能转变，发挥国家发展规划的战略导向作用，加强财税、投融资等宏观政策协调配合，加强市场监管，优化公共服务，确保在能源转型中实现效率和公平有机统一。
China has been accelerating the transformation of government functions and bringing into full play the strategic guiding role of national development plans. It has strengthened the coordination of fiscal, taxation, investment, financing, and other macroeconomic policies, reinforced market regulation, and improved its public services, in order to ensure both efficiency and fairness in its energy transition.
强化规划引领。实施能源生产和消费革命战略，制定能源发展中长期规划、五年规划以及可再生能源发展等系列专项规划，对能源绿色低碳发展进行总体部署，发挥规划对能源转型、重大能源项目布局、公共资源配置、社会资本投向的导向作用。加强能源与生态环保、国土空间等领域规划衔接，强化绿色低碳转型的要素保障。
Boosting the guiding role of development plans. China has been promoting a strategy to optimize energy production and consumption. It has formulated medium- to long-term and five-year overall plans for the energy sector as well as special plans for the development of renewable energy. All of them are overarching plans for green and low-carbon development of the energy sector. They guide the directions for energy transition, the deployment of major energy projects, the allocation of public resources, and the use of private investment. China has strengthened coordination of its plans on energy with those on eco-environmental protection and territorial space utilization so as to provide essential safeguards for the green and low-carbon transition.
加强政策支持。适应绿色低碳转型需要，健全清洁能源相关标准体系。制定绿色低碳转型产业指导目录，根据目录制定完善产业支持政策。加大中央预算内投资、地方政府专项债券、国家绿色发展基金等对清洁低碳能源项目支持力度。构建绿色金融体系，引导金融机构在市场化法治化原则下加大绿色贷款投放，支持企业发行绿色债券。优化清洁低碳能源项目核准和备案流程，简化分布式能源投资项目管理程序。
Bolstering policy support. China has taken steps to accommodate the green and low-carbon transition of its energy sector by establishing a system of standards for clean energy. It has introduced a catalogue of industries that support the transition, and has formulated and improved industrial support policies accordingly. Additionally, increasing support from the central budget, local government special bonds, and the National Green Development Fund has been given to clean and low-carbon energy projects. The country is creating a green financial system to guide financial institutions in increasing green loans under market principles in accordance with the rule of law, while also supporting enterprises in issuing green bonds. Furthermore, the country has optimized the approval and registration process for clean and low-carbon energy projects, and streamlined the management procedures for distributed energy investment projects.
提升监管效能。健全能源领域自然垄断环节监管制度，推动电网、油气管网设施向第三方无歧视公平开放。持续对市场交易、价格机制、信息披露等加强监管，及时纠正扰乱市场秩序行为，确保市场规则有效执行。加强能源重大规划、政策、项目落实情况监管，加大可再生能源消纳保障、调节性电源建设运营、农村电网巩固提升等方面监管力度。创新能源监管方式，建立以信用为基础的新型监管机制，推广“互联网+”监管。建立健全大电网安全风险管控、电力应急、大坝安全、网络安全风险管控等电力安全监管体系，确保电力系统安全稳定运行和电力可靠供应。
Raising the efficacy of oversight and regulation. China has worked to improve its regulation of natural monopolies in the energy sector. The country promotes non-discriminatory and fair access to power grid and oil and gas pipeline facilities by third parties. It has been strengthening regulation of market transactions, pricing mechanisms, and information disclosure. Actions that disrupt market order are swiftly rectified to ensure that market rules are observed. Oversight on the implementation of major plans, policies, and projects has also been strengthened, and renewable energy integration and consumption, the construction and operation of electricity balancing facilities, and the consolidation and upgrading of power grids in rural areas are also subject to better regulation. New methods of oversight and regulation in the energy sector have been adopted, as a new credit-based regulation mechanism has been established and the internet-based model has been widely promoted. An electricity safety oversight and regulation framework covering risk control of large power grids, power emergency response, dam safety, and cybersecurity risk control have been established and improved to ensure the safe and stable operation of power systems and a reliable supply of electricity.
（三）加强能源转型法治保障
3. Reinforcing the Rule of Law in Energy Transition
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