翻译数据库中英对照：李克强总理2022年两会记者会实录 [4]
Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press: Full Transcript of Questions and Answers [4]
西班牙埃菲社记者疫情发生已经两年了，在过去两年当中，中国基本是“关闭”。中方现在是否考虑将目前的“动态清零”疫情防控政策变得更加可持续？是否有一个向世界“开放”的路线图？
EFE We are already two years into the pandemic. And China has remained closed to the world during all this time. So my question is for how long is zero-COVID policy sustainable for China? Is there a road map to start reopening the country in the foreseeable future?
李克强新冠病毒是人类共同的敌人，传播两年了，病毒一直在变异，一些规律还需要深入研究，相应的像疫苗保护、有效药物研发等也需要加强。国际社会当前还是要团结合作、守望相助，相互之间多一些理解和包容，努力为世界回归正常共同创造条件。
Premier Li The novel coronavirus is a common enemy of humankind. The virus has been with us for two years, yet is still changing. Much remains to be learned about it. Meanwhile, protection through vaccines and R&D of effective drugs need to be enhanced. The international community should embrace unity, cooperation and mutual assistance, show greater mutual understanding and accommodation, and make joint efforts to create conditions for our world’s early return to normal.
中国一直统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，积极推动国际交往合作，我们会根据疫情的形势变化和病毒的特点，使防控更加科学精准，保障人民生命健康，保障正常生产生活秩序，保障产业链供应链的安全。
China has adopted a coordinated approach to COVID response and economic and social development. We have been actively promoting international exchanges and cooperation. We will make our response more scientific and targeted in light of the evolving COVID situation and features of the virus, to protect people’s life and health, keep up the normal running of work and life, and ensure the security of industrial and supply chains.
疫情发生以来，我多次与国际组织负责人、跨国公司负责人、企业家对话，他们都希望保证必要的商务往来。我们已经开通了“快捷通道”和“绿色通道”，对一些关键环节的企业和项目，保障他们正常的生产经营。我们会不断地积累经验，及时应对可能发生的变化，逐步使物流、人流有序畅通起来。
In my many conversations with heads of international institutions and multinationals as well as business leaders since the pandemic started, many expressed the hope for ensuring necessary business exchanges. China has opened the “fast lanes” and “green corridors” to ensure the normal running of companies and projects in key areas. We will continue to gain experience and be adaptable to new developments, to gradually restore unimpeded flow of goods and personnel in an orderly way.
新华社记者这些年，我国的营商环境虽然有所改善，市场主体大幅增长，企业办事也方便了许多，但各种干扰仍然不少。请问在当前情况下，政府在优化营商环境、激发市场活力和创造力方面还会做哪些努力？
Xinhua News Agency Recent years have seen steady improvement in China’s business climate, as evidenced by a surge in market entities and easier access to government services for enterprises. However, various disturbances to business activity still exist. What more will the government do to improve the business climate and better stimulate market vitality and public creativity?
李克强近10年，国务院每年都要召开一次全国性的推进“放管服”改革、优化营商环境的会议。我也注意到，今年一开年，许多地方都围绕改善营商环境的主题来开会。可以说，“放管服”改革是为市场主体改良生长的土壤，减税降费是为他们施肥浇水，大众创业、万众创新是要推动更多的市场主体生根发芽。只要我们把人民的创造力发挥出来，把市场主体的活力激发出来，大家可以想象经济的生动局面。但政府必须进行刀刃向内的改革，不能让政府部门围绕着自己的权力在转，而要通过改革，让市场主体层出不穷、生机勃勃。
Premier Li Every year in the past decade, the State Council would hold a national work conference on the reform of government functions and improvement of China’s business climate. I’ve also noted that improving business climate was high on the agenda of the first meetings of many local governments in the new year. Reforming government functions could be likened to improving soils for the growth of market entities. Our policy of tax and fee reductions is like applying fertilizer and water, and the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation aims to help more market entities take root and grow. When public creativity is leveraged, and the vitality of market entities unleashed, one could well anticipate vibrant economic growth. This requires the government pursue self-targeted reform to see that government power does not revolve around departmental interests. Rather, we need to advance reform to help market entities to emerge and flourish.
触动利益是比触动灵魂要难的。但政贵有恒，这些年我们持续推进市场化改革、推进“放管服”改革，有1000多项行政许可被下放或取消，非行政许可退出历史舞台。过去办企业拿执照要几十天的时间，多的要上百天，现在在全国范围内平均4天，最少的地方1天。现在大约9成的政务服务是网上办、掌上办、异地办、不见面办。实际上这是在打破利益的藩篱、突破了传统思维。惠企利民的措施我们会继续推进下去。
Shaking up vested interests could be more difficult than touching the depths of souls. Yet we must keep up the consistency of policy, which is critical for exercising governance. We have pressed ahead with market-oriented reforms and the reform of the government’s own functions over the years. Through these reforms, over 1,000 administrative approval items have been canceled or delegated to lower-level authorities. The non-administrative approval requirement was made a thing of the past. It used to take several dozen days, even up to over 100 days, to open a business. But now, it takes only four days, or just one day in some places. About 90 percent of government services can now be accessed inter-provincially, online or through cellphone apps, with no need of making physical visits. These measures have helped eliminate the thickets of vested interests and change the government’s traditional way of thinking. And we will work to bring more benefits to businesses and the people.
这些年通过营商环境不断改善，我国市场主体已经达到1.5亿户，比10年前净增了约1亿户，主要是民营市场主体，其中个体工商户达到1亿户。可不要小看个体工商户，他们一头连着众多人的生计，一头连着大众的消费。我在政协参加讨论时，那些企业家就说，如果没有小微企业和个体工商户打通“微细血管”，大中企业甚至国企央企都动不起来。
With an improving business climate in recent years, the number of market entities in China has reached 150 million, a net increase of 100 million over ten years ago. Most of them are privately-held, among which self-employed households now amount to 100 million. No one should underestimate these self-employed households. They support the livelihoods of many families, and meet consumer demand. Entrepreneurs in the CPPCC told me had it not been for the role of those micro and small firms and self-employed households in keeping up unimpeded flows of the economy, bigger companies, even state-owned enterprises and centrally-managed enterprises, would be hamstrung.
大家到经济发展好的地方看一看，那里都是改革力度大、营商环境好、市场主体多，所以经济蓬蓬勃勃。当然，我多次强调，“放”“管”是并行的，“放”不是放责，“管”是政府必须履行的职责。“放”也不是放任，对那些假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗等行为要坚决打击，尤其是对一些涉及人民生命健康和群众利益的，像食品药品、安全生产、金融等领域，要加强监管，违规违法的必须受到惩处。现在新业态新模式也在不断变化发展，我们要不断完善监管规定和方式，使市场主体真正在公平公正的环境中竞争和发展。
With bold reform measures, a sound business climate and a large number of market entities, a place often enjoys bright economic prospects. I have also repeatedly stressed that streamlining administration and enhancing oversight should go hand in hand. Streamlining administration does not mean a diminishing in government responsibilities, and the government has the duty to exercise regulation and supervision. Delegation of authority shouldn’t give rise to regulatory gaps either. We will resolutely combat the malpractices of counterfeiting and cheating on marketplace. We will enhance regulation in areas concerning people’s life and health and public interests, like food, drugs, workplace safety and the financial sector, and deal with any violation of laws and regulations. As new forms of industry and new business models keep developing, we will improve our regulatory approaches to ensure that market entities can truly compete and grow in a fair and just environment.
彭博社记者50年前，美国总统尼克松对中国的访问开启了美国对华接触的时代，去年拜登政府宣布这一时代已经结束，美中两国现在正进入激烈竞争的时期。您是否同意这一评价？禁止在华销售美国的半导体以及禁止中国企业在美上市这样的情形会不会变得越来越常见呢？
Bloomberg News Fifty years ago, then US President Richard Nixon visited China and began what became known as a period of American engagement with China. Last year, the Biden administration said that period had come to an end, and China and the US were headed instead into a period of intense competition. I wonder Mr. Premier, if you would agree with that assessment? Will things such as bans on American semiconductors being sold in China or bans against Chinese companies listing shares in the US become more and more common?
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