翻译数据库中英对照：李克强总理2022年两会记者会实录
Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press: Full Transcript of Questions and Answers
十三届全国人大五次会议11日上午在人民大会堂举行记者会，国务院总理李克强应大会发言人张业遂的邀请出席记者会，并回答中外记者提问。
The Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People on the morning of March 11, 2022. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui.
记者会开始时，李克强说，感谢记者朋友们在中国两会期间为报道所作的努力、付出的辛劳。因为疫情关系，我们继续以视频连线的方式开记者会。我愿意回答记者朋友们提出的问题。
In his opening remarks, Premier Li Keqiang said that he was delighted to meet friends from the media and thanked the journalists for their hard work in covering China’s NPC and CPPCC Sessions. He noted that due to COVID-19 the press conference was again held via video link this year and then opened the floor for questions.
美联社记者中国经济正在逐渐从高速增长向着可持续的、公平的以及绿色的增长转型，我们看到去年中国政府采取了一系列措施降低债务水平、监管高技术企业。今年中国政府制定了不少经济学家认为是颇具雄心的5.5%的增速目标，这是在面临新冠肺炎疫情继续蔓延以及乌克兰冲突的情况下制定的目标。我想问的是，这是否意味着中国政府今年将更加重视增长？把增长摆在结构性改革以及减少碳排放之前？中国政府将如何平衡这些不同的发展目标？关于乌克兰问题，中国与欧洲的重要经贸关系在中国应对此危机中处于什么位置？中国是否担心会因为目前对于危机的处理影响到与欧洲的良好关系，甚至影响中国自身经济的发展？
Associated Press I want to get your thoughts on the economic challenges China faces as it transitions from a high-growth era to a more sustainable, equitable and green growth. In the past year, the government has taken steps to reduce debt in the real estate market and regulate the digital economy. At the same time, the government has set a 5.5 percent growth target that many economists see as ambitious given the pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Does this signal that China may make short-term adjustments this year that favor economic growth over a structural change and reducing carbon emissions? How does China balance the two? And specifically on Ukraine, how do China’s important trading relationships with Europe and the US factor into the government’s response to the crisis? Are you concerned that China’s support for Russia could harm those relationships and then in turn the Chinese economy itself?
李克强你提到中国的经济增速，去年我们经济总量已经达到110多万亿元人民币，继续增长可以说是在高基数上的增长。从世界范围来看，这么大的经济体要保持中高速增长，本身就是很大的难题。刚才你提到我们今年确定5.5%左右的经济增长目标是个雄心勃勃的目标。我还记得，去年就是在这个记者会上，有记者问我，说你们定6%以上，这个目标是不是低了？我们不是没有感到，因为上一年基数低，去年完全有可能实现8%乃至于更高的增长，但是我们还是确定增长6%以上，“以上”是开了口子，乐见其成。但是我们宏观经济政策的标杆是按照6%来确定的，也就是说财政、货币、就业等政策都要围绕着这个标杆进行，这就使得我们降低了赤字率，宏观杠杆率稳中有降，这也为今年应对新的挑战预留了政策空间。
Premier Li You asked about China’s economic growth. Last year, China’s economic aggregate reached over 110 trillion RMB yuan. Continued growth would be growth on a high base. Experience in the global sphere shows that it will be no easy for such a big economy to keep a medium-high growth rate. You said that a 5.5 percent GDP growth target for this year is viewed an ambitious one. I recall that at last year’s press conference, a journalist asked me whether a 6 percent GDP growth target was a bit too modest. My response was that we were aware of the possibility for even faster growth of the economy because of a low base of the previous year. But still we decided to set the growth target at above 6 percent, meaning that we left possibilities open for even faster growth, say, 8 percent, and we would welcome that. Nevertheless, we set macro economic policies, including fiscal, monetary and employment policies, against this 6 percent GDP growth target. We cut the deficit-to-GDP ratio and steadily lowered the macro leverage ratio. And we reserved policy space for coping with new challenges this year.
回想2020年，我们在那么严峻的形势下，没有搞“大水漫灌”超发货币，去年乃至到今年2月份，在世界许多国家通胀居高不下的情况下，我们的居民消费价格，也就是CPI涨幅不到1%，这不能不说和我们实施的合理宏观政策有关。当然，刚才我讲的，我们制定宏观政策是从中国国情实际出发的，没有评价其他国家的意思。
We followed the same approach in 2020. In spite of the severe situation, we refused to flood the economy with mass stimulus or excessive money supply. As a result, despite the high inflation worldwide, China’s CPI rose less than 1 percent from last year to February this year. I think that very much has to do with our reasonable macro economic policies. Our macro economic policies are informed by China’s national conditions, and I have no intention to comment on the policies of other countries here.
去年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，经过全国人民的共同努力，我们不仅完成了全年经济社会发展的主要目标任务，而且为今年打下了坚实基础。今年经济确实遇到了新的下行压力和挑战，且不说各种复杂环境在变化，不确定因素增多，就是我们本身要实现5.5%的目标，它的增量，也就是中国百万亿元量级以上GDP5.5%的增量，就相当于一个中等国家的经济总量。10年前我们经济总量还是50多万亿元，增长10%，增量有六七万亿元就可以了，而今年得要有九万亿元名义GDP的增量。这就好像登山，如果你要登1000米的山，想爬10%，那100米就可以；如果你要登3000米的山，想上5%，那就是150米。而且条件也变了，越往上气压越低、氧气越少，看似速度放缓了，实际上分量更重。
Last year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and thanks to the joint efforts of people across the country, we successfully achieved the major goals and tasks for economic and social development for the year, and laid a good foundation for development this year. This year, we face new downside pressures and challenges, with much complexity and rising uncertainty. With China’s GDP exceeding 100 trillion yuan, a 5.5 percent increase would generate the amount of output equivalent to the size of a medium economy. Ten years ago, when China’s GDP was just over 50 trillion yuan, even a 10 percent growth would only add some 6 to 7 trillion yuan of output. But this year, even with a lower growth rate, the figure would reach 9 trillion yuan in nominal GDP. To use the analogy of mountain climbing, in climbing a 1,000-meter-high mountain, covering 10 percent of the height is a distance of 100 meters. But in climbing a 3,000-meter-high mountain, 5 percent of the height will already be 150 meters. Moreover, the higher one climbs, the lower the air pressure, and the less the oxygen. So the growth may look slower now, but it actually carries more weight.
实现5.5%左右的增长，这是在高水平上的稳，实质上就是进，是不容易的，必须有相应的宏观政策支撑。比如财政政策，今年我们降低赤字率到2.8%，赤字比去年少了2000多亿元。但与此同时，我们加大了财政支出的力度。那你们会问，钱从哪里来？我在政府工作报告当中已经说了，我们这两年可用未用、结存的中央特定金融机构和专营机构的利润，再加上财政预算稳定调节基金，新增支出规模不小于2万亿元，而且增加的规模主要用来减税降费，特别是退税，这相当于给登高山的人输氧。当然，我们还有配套的金融、就业等多项举措。
We aim to achieve about 5.5 percent growth this year to ensure the steady performance of the Chinese economy at a high level, which is in itself a show of progress. To achieve this goal is not easy, and needs the support of a series of macro policies. Take fiscal policy for example, we have lowered our deficit-to-GDP ratio to 2.8 percent this year, a decrease of more than 200 billion yuan over last year. But we will beef up government spending this year. One may naturally ask, how to pay for that? I have set it out in the Government Work Report. We will draw on the savings that we didn’t tap into over the last two years, meaning we will use the surplus profits of state-owned financial institutions and state monopoly business operations and funds transferred from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. In total, government spending this year will rise by no less than 2 trillion yuan. Most of it will be used for tax and fee reductions, particularly tax refund, just like providing oxygen supply for mountain climbers. At the same time, we will roll out a series of supportive financial and pro-job measures too.
我们今年采取的举措不仅是应对短期的，也是立足当前、着眼长远的，决不预支未来，是可持续的。正像记者朋友提到的，中国还有应对气候变化、收入差距、债务等众多问题，这些都需要我们在中长期过程中，包括今年有力地应对。有关方面的措施我们都在安排部署。中国现代化还是一个长期的过程，我们需要在这个过程当中用发展的办法来解决发展中的问题。
Our policies set for this year are not just aimed at addressing immediate needs. They also take into account long-term development needs. They will not sacrifice future interests and are therefore sustainable. Like you said, China is still faced with a series of challenges, such as climate change, income gap, and debt. We need to forcefully respond to them this year and in a medium-to-long run. The measures required are being worked on. China’s modernization is a long process. We need to address issues arising in the course of development through development.
你刚才提到乌克兰局势。当前乌克兰局势世人瞩目，中方也深感担忧和痛惜，真诚地希望乌克兰局势能够得到缓解，早日回归和平。中国始终奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，发展双边关系从不针对第三方。我们将本着相互尊重、互利共赢的精神，同各方发展合作关系，为世界提供更多的稳定性。
On Ukraine, the current situation there is a focus of international attention. China is deeply concerned and grieved. We sincerely hope that the situation will ease and peace will return at an early date. China has all along followed an independent foreign policy of peace, and never targets third parties in our bilateral ties. We want to develop cooperation with all countries on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit, to bring greater stability to today’s world.
路透社记者俄罗斯对乌克兰发动袭击以来已经造成200万难民，数百名平民死亡，人们对核态势升级前景也感到担忧，但中方一直没有对俄的行为进行谴责，或者将其称之为“入侵”，是否不论怎样中方都不会对俄进行谴责？在俄罗斯面临制裁的情况下，中方是否会进一步对俄罗斯提供经济、金融支持？是否担心这样做会受到来自其他国家制裁的负面影响？
Reuters Since Russia’s attack on Ukraine, there have been two million refugees, hundreds of civilian deaths, and growing worries about the prospect of nuclear escalation. Yet China has refused to condemn Russia’s conduct or call it an “invasion”. Will China refrain from condemning Russia’s conduct in Ukraine no matter what it does? Is China prepared to provide further economic and financial support for Russia as it faces sanctions? And is China concerned about sanctions blowback from other countries if it does so?
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