翻译数据库中英对照：《中国的能源转型》白皮书 [6]
China's Energy Transition [6]
构建立体化节能管理体系。深入实施《中华人民共和国节约能源法》《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》等法律法规，建立完善固定资产投资项目节能审查、节能监察等制度体系，明确重点行业、重点企业节能管理要求，加强重点用能单位节能管理，实施能效“领跑者”制度，提升各主体节能提效内生动力。发挥税收、金融等政策杠杆作用，引导全社会加大节能提效投入力度。
Building a multidimensional energy conservation management system. China fully enforces relevant laws and regulations such as the Energy Conservation Law and the Circular Economy Promotion Law. It works to establish and improve related institutional systems, including energy-saving reviews and supervision over fixed assets investment projects. Clear requirements for energy conservation management of key industries and enterprises have been set, and the energy-saving management of major energy consumers has been strengthened. China has also adopted an energy efficiency pacesetter system to incentivize various entities to conserve energy and raise efficiency. It has leveraged the role of taxation, financial and other policies to steer the entire society towards higher investment into energy conservation and efficiency improvements.
创新市场化节能方式。强化能效标准标识管理制度，不断推动节能领域标准制修订，以标准引领各环节各领域节能提效。截至2023年底，共计发布能耗限额、产品能效等国家标准335项，能效标识覆盖5大用能领域44类用能产品。积极推进合同能源管理等市场化机制，推广节能咨询、诊断、设计、融资、改造、托管等“一站式”综合服务模式，2023年节能服务产业总产值超过5000亿元，比2013年翻了一番。
Promoting market-based approaches to energy conservation. China has improved its management of energy efficiency standards and labels, and made consistent efforts to formulate and revise standards on energy conservation, using such standards to guide players in various sectors to conserve energy and raise energy efficiency. By the end of 2023, it had released 335 national standards on energy consumption limits and the energy efficiency of products. The energy efficiency labeling system covers 44 categories of energy-using products across five major energy-consuming sectors. Additionally, China has actively applied market-oriented mechanisms such as energy performance contracting, and promoted “one-stop” comprehensive services, including energy conservation consultancy, diagnosis, engineering, financing, transformation and outsourcing. In 2023, the total output value of the energy conservation service industry exceeded RMB500 billion, doubling that of 2013.
（二）推动重点领域节能提效
2. Improving Energy Conservation and Efficiency in Key Sectors
节能提效要啃“硬骨头”。工业、建筑、交通运输、公共机构等作为全社会能源消耗的主体，是节能提效工作的“基本盘”。通过全面实施节能标准、推广先进能效产品、淘汰落后产能，重点领域能效水平持续提升。
To conserve energy and increase energy efficiency, China must focus on key sectors such as industry, construction, transport, and public institutions. These sectors are major energy consumers and will therefore be fundamental in improving energy conservation and efficiency. By fully applying energy conservation standards, promoting advanced energy-efficient products, and phasing out outdated production capacity, energy efficiency is continuing to rise in these key sectors.
深挖工业领域节能潜力。工业企业是节能提效的重中之重，持续推动工业领域淘汰落后产能和节能技术改造，积极推动生产工艺革新、流程再造和数字化智能化升级，组织重点企业提升用能精细化管理水平。十年来，规模以上工业单位增加值能耗累计下降超过36%，钢铁、电解铝、水泥、玻璃等单位产品综合能耗平均降幅达9%以上。
Tapping into the potential of industry in conserving energy. Since the industrial sector plays a pivotal role in conserving energy and raising energy efficiency, China has made lasting efforts to replace outdated production capacity and drive energy-saving technological transformation. It has promoted innovation in production techniques, process reengineering, and digital and intelligent upgrading, and provided guidance for key enterprises to refine their energy management practices. Over the past decade, the energy consumption per unit of added value of industrial enterprises of designated size – with an annual revenue of RMB20 million and above – has dropped by more than 36 percent. Comprehensive energy consumption per unit of product in the steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, glass, and other industries has lowered by more than 9 percent on average.
推广绿色节能建筑。中国正处于全球规模最大的城镇化进程中，为避免形成高碳锁定效应，中国强化新建建筑节能标准要求，稳步推进既有建筑节能改造，加快发展超低能耗、近零能耗建筑。截至2023年底，累计建成节能建筑面积达326.8亿平方米，节能建筑占城镇既有建筑面积比例超过64%，较2013年提升了近30个百分点，累计建成超低能耗、近零能耗建筑超过4370万平方米。
Promoting green, energy-efficient buildings. China is currently undergoing the world’s largest urbanization process. To avoid carbon lock-in, the country has implemented higher energy-efficiency standards for new buildings and is steadily advancing the energy-saving retrofit of existing buildings. China is also accelerating the development of buildings with ultralow or near-zero energy consumption. By the end of 2023, the floorage of energy-efficient buildings had surpassed 32.68 billion square meters, accounting for more than 64 percent of the total floor space of urban buildings, up nearly 30 percentage points from 2013. The floorage of buildings with ultralow or near-zero energy consumption has now surpassed 43.7 million square meters.
全方位构建清洁高效的交通运输体系。随着经济社会发展，物流、出行需求不断增加，交通用能还将持续增长。中国加快发展多式联运，提高铁路、水路在综合运输中的承运比重。深入推进城市公共交通优先发展，构建完善绿色出行服务体系，在城市客运领域推广应用新能源车辆。机动车排放标准与世界先进水平接轨，基本淘汰国三及以下排放标准汽车。运输能耗强度不断下降，2023年铁路单位运输工作量综合能耗较2013年下降约19%。大力发展充电基础设施网络，完善加氢、加气站点布局及服务设施。截至2023年底，累计建成充电基础设施近860万台，加氢站超过450座。
Developing a clean and efficient transport system in an all-round way. As logistic and travel needs continue to grow with economic and social development, energy consumption in the transport sector will also increase. China is accelerating the development of multimodal transport, and increasing the share of railways and waterways within its integrated transport system. The country has continued to prioritize the development of urban public transport, optimize its green transport service systems, and promote new energy vehicles in urban passenger transport. It has adopted motor vehicle emission standards that align with advanced international levels, phasing out vehicles that do not meet the National IV or higher level emission standards. As a result, energy intensity in transport has fallen. The comprehensive energy consumption per unit load for railway transport in 2023 dropped by some 19 percent compared with 2013. Efforts have also been made to develop an electric vehicle charging infrastructure network and improve the distribution of hydrogen and natural gas fueling stations and related service facilities. By the end of 2023, there were almost 8.6 million charging facilities and over 450 hydrogen fueling stations nationwide.
建设节约型公共机构。制定《公共机构节能条例》，积极开展节约型机关、节约型公共机构创建活动，推广采用合同能源管理方式实施节能技术改造，推动公共机构终端用能电气化，倡导绿色办公、绿色出行，优先采购绿色节能产品。截至2023年底，90%县级及以上机关单位建成节约型机关，创建节约型公共机构示范单位5114家。2023年全国公共机构人均综合能耗较2013年下降20.4%。
Promoting energy conservation in public institutions. China has formulated the Regulations on Energy Conservation in Public Institutions and has initiated efforts to promote energy conservation in government departments and other public institutions. It has introduced energy efficiency retrofits through energy performance contracting and promoted the electrification of final energy consumption in public institutions. It encourages green office work and green travel, and gives priority to green, energy-efficient products in procurement. By the end of 2023, 90 percent of government departments at or above the county level had met the energy-saving standards, and 5,114 public institutions had been cited as exemplars in energy conservation. By 2023, the per capita comprehensive energy consumption in public institutions across the country had dropped by 20.4 percent compared with 2013.
（三）培育绿色能源消费新模式
3. Fostering Green Models of Energy Consumption
中国积极引导全社会优先使用绿色能源，大力弘扬勤俭节约的中华民族优秀传统，推动生活方式和消费模式向简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的方式转变。
The Chinese government actively guides the public to prioritize green energy and carry forward the nation’s traditions of diligence and thrift. It promotes the shift towards green and low-carbon ways of life and consumption that are simple, moderate and healthy.
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