翻译数据库中英对照：美国对华认知中的谬误和事实真相 [26]
Reality Check: Falsehoods in US Perceptions of China [26]
乌干达总统穆塞韦尼2022年接受《日经亚洲评论》杂志采访时表示，过去600年非洲一直存在“债务陷阱”问题，这是由奴隶贸易、殖民主义和新殖民主义造成的，其中没有一个来自中国。中国曾支持非洲人民反抗殖民主义，后来才开始在非洲从事经济活动。
Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni stated in an interview with Nikkei in 2022 that “Africa has been having (debt) problems for the last 600 years due to the slave trade, colonialism, neocolonialism — and none of it was from China.” “China supported Africans’ fight against colonialism before starting economic activity on the continent.”
卢旺达总统卡加梅指出，中国与其他国家参与非洲事务模式不同，从未强迫任何国家向他们贷款来积累债务。
Rwandan President Paul Kagame pointed out that China’s presence in Africa is different from that of other countries — “I don’t think China has forced any country in Africa to take their money to accumulate the kind of debt you may find with some countries.”
尼日利亚外长奥尼亚马称，尼日利亚选择中国企业建设基础设施，是因为中企经验丰富、性价比高，中国并未借项目施加所谓“影响力”。
Nigerian Foreign Minister Geoffrey Onyeama stated that Nigeria had chosen Chinese companies for infrastructure projects because they were experienced and provide competitive rates. “So the issue of Chinese influence really doesn’t come in.
谬误16长期以来，中国公司在美享受的市场准入远超美国公司在中国的待遇。在中国运营的美国企业常遇到系统性强制技术转让，但在美运营的中国企业都受到美国法律保护。
Falsehood 16 For too long, Chinese companies have enjoyed far greater access to our markets than our companies have in China. American companies operating in China have been subject to systematic forced technology transfer, while Chinese companies in America have been protected by our rule of law.
事实真相中国始终致力于打造市场化、法制化、国际化营商环境，营商环境不断优化。相比之下，中资企业在美营商环境不断恶化。
Reality Check China is committed to fostering an enabling business environment that is based on market principles, governed by law and up to international standard. While China’s business environment keeps improving, the business environment for Chinese companies operating in the US continues to deteriorate.
◆中国是营商环境改善最大的经济体。近年来，中国连续缩减外资准入负面清单，完善投资促进和保护、信息报告等制度，加强知识产权保护，成为全球营商环境进步最快的经济体之一。中国营商环境持续改善和超大规模市场的吸引力，对全球跨国投资产生强大磁力，新设外商投资企业数量实现稳步增长。从2012到2021年，在华外商投资企业数量从44.1万户增长到66.4万户，增幅超过50%。世界银行发布的《2020营商环境报告》显示，中国营商环境全球排名位列第31，两年内提升了47位。中国欧盟商会发布的《商业信心调查2021》称，超过半数受访欧盟企业认为中国知识产权执法力度“足够好”“非常好”，创下满意度的历史新高。
◆ China has seen the most substantial improvement in business environment among all economies. In recent years, China has made continuous efforts to shorten the negative list on foreign investment, improved the institutions for investment promotion and protection and for information reporting, and stepped up intellectual property protection, becoming one of the most-improved economies for ease of doing business. With the continuous improvement in business environment and its super-sized domestic market, China is a strong magnet for cross-border investment from around the world. The number of newly established foreign-invested enterprises is on a steady rise in China. From 2012 to 2021, the number of foreign-invested enterprises in China increased from 441,000 to 664,000, up by over 50 percent. According to the Doing Business 2020 report released by the World Bank Group, China ranked 31st on ease of doing business, moving up by 47 spots in two years. The European Business in China Business Confidence Survey 2021 released by the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China (EUCCC) shows that a majority of the European companies surveyed found intellectual property rights enforcement to be “adequate” or “excellent” in China, marking a record high in satisfaction levels.
◆中国营商环境好不好，包括美企在内的外国企业最有发言权。中国美国商会2022年度《中国商业环境调查报告》显示，58%的美在华企业2021年营收实现增长，66%的企业计划今年增加在华投资，中国仍然是60%的企业近期全球投资计划的前三大投资目的地之一。美中贸易全国委员会发布《2021年中国商业环境调查报告》称，95%的受访企业在中国持续保持盈利，74%的受访企业在其全球战略中将中国视为最重要的国家或排名前五位的重点国家之一。2022年1-4月，美国实际对华投资同比增长53.2%。这些都充分表明外国企业看好中国经济发展前景，认可中国营商环境，对长期植根中国市场充满信心。
◆ It is the foreign companies, including the US companies operating in China, that can best tell whether China’s business environment is good or not. The 2022 China Business Climate Survey Report of the American Chamber of Commerce in China (AmCham China) shows that 58 percent of the US companies in China saw their operating revenue growing in 2021; 66 percent of the companies plan to increase their investment in China this year; and China remains a top-three priority of the global investment planning for 60 percent of the companies. The recently released USCBC 2021 Member Survey shows that 95 percent of the respondents remained profitable in their China operations; and 74 percent of the companies took China as a top priority or a top-five priority market in their business strategy. In the first four months of 2022, the actual US investment in China rose by 53.2 percent year on year. These figures speak volume about the optimism of foreign companies in China’s economic prospects, as well as their recognition of China’s sound business environment and confidence in building a long-term business in the Chinese market.
◆美国为维护自身霸权和经济利益，违反市场经济原则和国际贸易规则，滥用国家力量，不择手段打压遏制中国企业。美国政府通过编造“强迫劳动”等谎言妄图打压新疆棉花、番茄、太阳能光伏产业。据不完全统计，2021年，美海关和边境保护局已针对输美涉“强迫劳动”货物发布7项暂扣令，包括针对新疆出产的服装、纺织品等棉花制品，番茄种子、番茄罐头、番茄酱以及其他番茄制成品，硅基产品、电子产品等，共扣留、没收总价值约4.85亿美元的货物，数量和价值较2020年均大幅增长。美国现任政府在涉疆问题上对华制裁的数量和力度均已超过上届政府。
◆ To preserve its hegemony and economic interests, the US has abused its national power in violation of the principles of market economy and international trade rules, and resorted to every possible means to suppress and contain Chinese enterprises. The US government has fabricated all sorts of lies including “forced labor” in an attempt to bring down Xinjiang’s cotton, tomato and solar photovoltaic industries. According to preliminary statistics, in 2021, the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) issued seven Withhold Release Orders (WROs) on the exports of goods made with “forced labor” to the US, including apparel, textiles, tomato seeds, canned tomatoes, tomato sauce, and other goods made with cotton or tomatoes, silica-based products and electronic products produced in Xinjiang, and detained or confiscated 485 million US dollars worth of goods, which are notably larger in both quantity and value compared to 2020. The current US administration has already outperformed its predecessor in terms of the scale and magnitude of sanctions imposed on China for Xinjiang-related issues.
◆美国以不透明、不公正的行政手段对中国企业在美融资、运营施加全方位限制。据美国官方统计，美迄今已将1055个中国实体和个人（不含海外关联实体）列入各类制裁清单。其中，实体清单467个，特别指定国民和被封锁人员清单（SDN清单）306个，未经验证清单201个，中国军工复合体企业清单68个，另有少数其他实体。今年2月，美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）将中国微信、阿里全球速卖通列入“恶名市场名单”，继续将拼多多等中国企业以及9家中国实体市场列入名单。
◆ The US has imposed sweeping restrictions on the financing and operation of Chinese enterprises in the US through non-transparent and unfair administrative means. According to official US statistics, the US has up to now put 1,055 Chinese entities and individuals (overseas affiliated entities excluded) on various types of sanctions lists, including 467 on the Entity List, 306 on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (SDN), 201 on the Unverified List (UVL), 68 on the Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies (NS-CMIC) List, and a few other entities. Last February, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) put WeChat and AliExpress on its latest Notorious Markets List, while Pinduoduo and other Chinese companies as well as nine physical markets located within China remained on the list.
谬误17中国利用美国经济开放性从事间谍、黑客、技术窃密等活动，来推进自身军事创新、强化对内监控，加大其他国家对其技术依赖。美国应使技术根植于民主价值观。
Falsehood 17 China takes advantage of the openness of the US economies to spy, to hack, to steal technology and know-how to advance China’s military innovation, entrench its surveillance state and increase other countries’ technological dependence. The US should make sure that technologies are rooted in democratic values.
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