翻译数据库中英对照：美国对华认知中的谬误和事实真相 [28]
Reality Check: Falsehoods in US Perceptions of China [28]
◆美方标榜“自由”“开放”，却动辄设置技术壁垒，拼凑所谓“民主科技联盟”，将科技问题政治化、意识形态化，打造封闭排他的“小圈子”。美国划定生物技术、人工智能等近20类重点管控技术，强化出口管制，严格投资审查，泛化“国家安全”概念，企图给他国高科技产业发展“设绊子”“卡脖子”，严重侵犯发展中国家科技发展权利。
◆ While claiming to uphold “peace” and “openness”, the US has been wantonly setting up technological barriers, piecing together the so-called “democratic technology alliance”, politicizing science and technology and turning them into ideological issues, and forming exclusive small circles. Identifying nearly 20 categories as controlled critical technologies, including biotechnology and artificial intelligence, the US has tightened up export control and investment scrutiny. It has also overstretched the concept of national security to contain and even stranglehold the development of high-tech industries in other countries, which severely violates the rights of developing countries in pursuing science and technology advancement.
谬误18气候问题不是意识形态问题，而是数学问题。如果中国坚持目前的计划，在2030年前不降低排放量，那么世界其他国家排放量必须在2035年前降至零，这是基本不可能的。
Falsehood 18 Climate is not about ideology. It’s about math. If China sticks with its current plan and does not peak its emissions until 2030, then the rest of the world must go to zero by 2035. And that’s simply not possible.
事实真相美国对于全球气候变化、减少温室气体排放负有不可推卸的责任。美国不应转嫁责任，不应奉行“双重标准”。
Reality Check The US holds undeniable responsibilities for climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. It shouldn’t shift responsibilities onto others, nor should it practice “double standards”.
◆发达国家在过去200多年的工业化过程中无序排放，对全球气候变化负有不可推卸的历史责任。1850年到2011年，发达国家碳排放量占全球排放量的79%。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》、《巴黎协定》都要求发达国家偿还历史债务。
◆ Developed countries, due to their unconstrained emissions over more than two centuries of industrialization, bear undeniable historical responsibilities for climate change. From 1850 to 2011, developed countries contributed to 79 percent of global carbon emissions. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement all require developed countries to repay their historical debts.
◆从历史发展角度来看，发展中国家不是温室气体的主要排放者，而是气候变暖的受害者。共同但有区别的责任原则是全球气候治理的基石。发达国家和发展中国家在造成气候变化上历史责任不同，发展需求和能力也存在差异，用统一尺度来限制是不适当的，也是不公平的。巴布亚新几内亚环境部长韦拉·莫里在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十六次缔约方大会（COP26）期间表示：“因为它们（发达国家）的工业化活动，我们成为全球气候问题的受害者，正承受着他们制造的气候后果。这绝对不公平。”
◆ From a historical perspective, developing countries are not the primary emitters of GHG, but the victims of climate change. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is the cornerstone of global climate governance. As developed and developing countries do not bear the same historical responsibilities for climate change, and have different development needs and capabilities, it would be both inappropriate and unfair to apply the same restrictions on them. Wera Mori, Minister for Environment Conservation and Climate Change of Papua New Guinea (PNG) said on the sidelines of COP26 that countries like PNG have become victims of climate change caused by the industrialization of developed countries and are now bearing the consequences of their actions, which is absolutely unfair.
◆在应对气候变化方面，中国不仅是认真负责的参与者，更是脚踏实地的行动派。习近平主席明确提出，中国二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和，时间只有30年，而欧盟、美国、日本给自己规定的时间分别是中国的2.4倍、1.4倍和1.2倍。
◆ In tackling climate change, China is not just a responsible participant, but also a serious doer. President Xi Jinping committed explicitly that China will strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. That means China will move from carbon peak to neutrality in only 30 years, while the time the EU, the US and Japan give themselves is respectively 2.4, 1.4 and 1.2 times of China’s.
中国在节能、提高能效、发展可再生能源、交通、建筑等领域所做的贡献基本上都占全球总量的30%-50%，贡献显而易见。截至2020年底，中国单位GDP二氧化碳排放较2005年降低约48.4%。煤炭消费占比由2005年的67%下降到2020年的56.8%。中国可再生能源发电累计装机容量超10亿千瓦，占全国发电总装机容量的43.5%。全球光伏企业前20强中有15家是中国企业，前五名均为中国企业。全球十大风电企业中有七家是中国企业。中国过去10 年淘汰1.2亿千瓦火电，超过了英国目前装机发电总规模。截至2021年底，中国全国新能源汽车保有量达784万辆，其中2021年新注册登记新能源汽车295万辆，占新注册车辆总数的11.25%。
China has made notable contribution to the global efforts in energy conservation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, transport and building, which are all in the range of 30 to 50 percent. By the end of 2020, China’s CO2 emissions per unit of GDP had dropped by 48.4 percent relative to the 2005 level. The proportion of coal in total energy consumption fell from 67 percent in 2005 to 56.8 percent in 2020. The cumulative installed capacity of renewable power generation exceeded 1 billion kilowatts, accounting for 43.5 percent of the national total. Chinese companies have taken 15 spots in the world’s top 20 PV companies list, including all the top five spots, and seven spots in the top 10 wind power companies list. In the past ten years, China phased out 120 million kilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity, which is larger than the total installed power capacity of the UK. By the end of 2021, China’s new energy vehicle ownership had exceeded 7.84 million units, and 2.95 million units were newly registered in 2021, accounting for 11.25 percent of all newly registered vehicles that year.
中国可再生能源占比已超过美国。2019年底，中国水电风电光电装机容量达到7.56亿千瓦，是美国的2.8倍。中国可再生能源占一次能源消费比达到12.7%，约为美国的1.4倍。
The share of renewable energy in China’s energy mix has already exceeded that of the US. By the end of 2019, the total installed capacity of China’s hydro, wind and solar power generation had reached 756 million kilowatts, 2.8 times that of the US. Renewable energy accounts for 12.7 percent of China’s primary energy consumption, approximately 1.4 times that of the US.
◆美国作为全球累计温室气体排放量最多的国家，人均碳排放量是全球平均水平的3.3倍。1750年到2019年的270年间，美国累计排放4125亿吨温室气体，约占全球总量的1/4，是全球最大累计国，为中国的近两倍。数据显示，美国温室气体排放量历史最高值为人均23.44吨，美国2018年人均排放量为16.85吨，而中国的这一数字是7.56吨。中国作为制造业大国，目前人均碳排放量不及美国一半，人均历史累计排放量约为美国的八分之一。即便是2030年中国实现了碳达峰，中国的人均碳排放量大致也只有7-8吨，但美国2005年碳达峰时人均碳排放量已达14吨。
◆ The US is the world’s largest GHG emitter in cumulative terms, and its per capita carbon emissions are 3.3 times that of the global average. In the 270 years from 1750 to 2019, the US emitted a cumulative 412.5 billion tons of GHG, accounting for about 1/4 of the global total. The US has produced the world’s largest cumulative emissions, which are almost twice that of China’s. Here are some statistics: the historical peak of US per capita GHG emissions was 23.44 tons; in 2018, US per capita emissions were 16.85 tons, while China’s were 7.56 tons. Despite its status as a major manufacturing nation, China’s current per capita carbon emissions are not even half that of the US, and its per capita cumulative emissions are only around 1/8 that of the US. Even by the time of 2030, when China’s carbon emissions will have peaked, the country’s per capita carbon emissions will still just be around 7-8 tons. In comparison, when the US had its carbon peak in 2005, its per capita carbon emissions had already reached 14 tons.
◆2017年6月，美国宣布将退出《巴黎协定》，2020年11月正式退出该协议，极大地损害了全球环境治理的公平、效率和成效。2021年2月，美国才正式重新加入《巴黎协定》。虽然政治姿态有所恢复，但其温室气体排放量却回不去了，2021年排放量较2020年不降反增，离《巴黎协定》的要求越来越远。美方在事关全球整体前途命运的问题上反复无常，充分暴露了其在重大原则问题上的实用主义态度，已经失信于全球大家庭。
◆ In June 2017, the US announced its decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, and in November 2020, it officially pulled out of the accord. Such a move seriously undermined the equity, efficiency and efficacy of global climate governance. The US had stayed outside the Paris Agreement until February 2021. Despite the improvement in political posture, the GHG emissions generated simply cannot be rolled back. Instead of cutting emissions, the US produced more emissions in 2021 than 2020, drifting further away from the course set by the Paris Agreement. With its flip-flopping on such an existential issue, the US has fully exposed its utilitarian approach to major issues of principles and lost its credibility in the family of nations.
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