翻译数据库中英对照：美国对华认知中的谬误和事实真相 [23]
Reality Check: Falsehoods in US Perceptions of China [23]
联合国贸发会议负责人表示，过去20年来，中国始终坚定支持以规则为基础的多边贸易体制，践行真正的多边主义，全面参与世贸组织谈判，引领投资便利化、电子商务等谈判，推动世贸组织规则与时俱进。
A leading official of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development pointed out that, over the past two decades, China has steadfastly supported the rules-based multilateral trading system, practiced true multilateralism, participated fully in WTO negotiations, steered negotiations in areas such as investment facilitation and e-commerce, and worked for WTO rules keeping pace with the times.
◆中国顺应国际区域经济一体化大趋势，同世界各国加深经贸往来，积极对外商签自贸协定，加快自贸区建设。目前已与26个国家和地区签署19个自贸协定。
◆ Embracing the trend of regional and global economic integration, China has deepened economic and trade ties with countries around the world, signing free trade agreements and stepping up the building of free trade zones. As of now, China has signed 19 free trade agreements with 26 countries and regions.
◆中国积极深化供给侧结构性改革，提前两年完成“十三五”钢铁行业去产能1.5亿吨目标，占全球削减钢铁产能的114%。中方仅安置钢铁工人就达28万人，超过美欧日钢铁行业就业总人数。
◆ China has actively deepened supply-side structural reform. It has met the target of phasing out 150 million tons of overcapacity in the steel industry set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan two years ahead of schedule, 1.14 times of the global total in slashing overcapacity of steels. The process involved the reemployment of 280,000 Chinese steel workers, more than the total number of steel workers in the US, Europe and Japan.
◆中美经济高度互补，利益深度融合，经贸往来互利共赢。2021年，中美贸易额达创纪录的7500亿美元。美中贸易全国委员会发布的《2022年美国出口报告》显示，2021年，美国对华商品出口达1490亿美元，同比增长21%，为美创造85.8万个就业岗位。美国中国总商会发布的《2020年在美中资企业商业调查报告》指出，截至2019年，美国中国总商会成员企业在美投资超过1230亿美元，直接雇佣约22万名员工，间接支持美各地逾100万个就业岗位。美中贸易全国委员会研究显示，出口到美国的中国商品使美国物价水平降低1%—1.5%，帮助美普通家庭每年节省850美元。
◆ China and the US have highly complementary economies, deeply integrated interests, and mutually beneficial economic and trade ties. In 2021, bilateral trade topped record-breaking 750 billion US dollars. The US Export Report 2022 issued by the US-China Business Council showed that, in 2021, goods exports to China grew by 21 percent to 149 billion US dollars, supporting 858,000 jobs in the US. The 2020 Annual Business Survey Report on Chinese Enterprises in the United States released by the China General Chamber of Commerce-USA indicated that, as of 2019, CGCC’s Chinese member companies cumulatively invested over 123 billion US dollars, employed more than 220,000 people, and supported over one million jobs throughout the United States. Research of the US-China Business Council showed that Chinese exports have helped bring down US consumer price by 1 to 1.5 percent, saving each US household 850 US dollars per year.
◆美试图将自身经济问题甩锅给中国，并借机对华搞贸易战、关税战，结果是搬起石头砸自己的脚。美对华加征的关税使美国公司市值损失超过1.7万亿美元、美国家庭每年户均开支增加1300美元。美中贸易全国委员会2021年报告显示，对华贸易战导致美丧失24.5万个就业岗位。穆迪投资者服务公司报告称，美国消费者承担了对中国商品加征关税92.4%的成本。诺贝尔经济学奖获得者保罗·克鲁格曼认为，“美对华贸易政策彻底失败，关税对美国造成的伤害更大”。
◆ By blaming China for its own economic problems, the US started a trade war and tariff war against China, which only backfired for itself. US tariffs against China have cost American companies more than 1.7 trillion US dollars in market capitalization and increased average household expenditure by 1,300 US dollars per year. A 2021 report by the US-China Business Council pointed out that the trade war with China has resulted in a loss of 245,000 jobs in the US. A report from Moody’s Investor Service was cited as saying that American consumers bear 92.4 percent of the cost of imposing tariffs on Chinese goods. Paul Krugman, a Nobel Prize laureate in economics, incisively pointed out that US trade policy toward China has failed and tariffs harm the US more than their intended targets.
2022年5月18日，全美零售商协会致信美国总统拜登，呼吁取消对华关税，称这将使美物价指数降低1.3%。美国财长耶伦称，部分对华关税伤害了美消费者和商家，可考虑取消，从而缓解美国内通胀。
On 18 May 2022, the National Retail Federation (NRF) wrote to President Biden, calling for eliminating tariffs, which, as pointed out in the letter, could reduce consumer prices by as much as 1.3 percent. Janet Yellen, the US Treasury Secretary, said that some tariffs on China hurt American consumers and businesses, and that cutting tariffs was worth considering in order to lower US inflation.
当前中美经贸合作面临的障碍主要来自美方。美将一千多家中国企业列入不公正打压制裁清单，本届国会提出300多项涉华消极议案。正在推进的“两党创新法案”实质是遏碍中国经济发展。
The obstacles to China-US economic and trade cooperation are mainly from the US side. Over 1,000 Chinese companies have been put on its lists for unfair suppression or sanction. The US Congress has put forth more than 300 negative China-related bills. The proposed Bipartisan Innovation Act, which is still being developed, essentially aims to hold back China’s economic growth.
◆美方动辄指责中方产业补贴政策，自己才是包括补贴在内的“产业政策”鼻祖。美多届政府都曾制定扶持新兴产业计划，通过税收减免、政府采购等手段干预市场，推动政企合作和技术转让。上世纪五、六十年代，美国实施振兴计划，扶持航天、军工等产业发展。上世纪九十年代克林顿政府通过“信息高速公路”计划扶持高科技产业发展。这类产业政策至今仍在延续。美国战略与国际问题研究中心报告指出，美及其欧亚盟友、伙伴均在加大对本国半导体、电动汽车电池、制药等产业补贴力度，支持本国企业做大。
◆ The US arbitrarily accuses China of its industrial subsidy policies, but the country itself was among the first to develop such policies, including subsidies and so on. Successive US administrations have rolled out plans to support emerging industries. Through tax relief, government procurement and other means, the US administrations have interfered in the market to push forward cooperation between government and enterprises and advance technology transfers. In the 1950s and 1960s, the US undertook special programs to promote the development of its aerospace and military industries. In the 1990s, the Clinton administration supported the growth of hi-tech industries with the Information Superhighway plan. Such industrial policies are still being practiced in the US today. A report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies noted that the US and its allies and partners in Europe and Asia have increased subsidies to industries such as semiconductors, electric-car batteries and pharmaceuticals to shore up support for domestic companies.
◆美是全球贸易体系的最大破坏者。美奉行“美国优先”政策，拒绝承担应尽的多边贸易协定义务，不断毁约退群，严重影响国际贸易机制发展和运行。世贸组织争端裁决研究报告显示，美国是迄今为止最大“不守规矩者”，世贸组织2/3的违规由美国引起。美国还阻挠世贸组织上诉机构新成员任命，导致世贸组织上诉机构自2019年12月以来彻底陷入瘫痪。
◆ The US poses the biggest challenge to the global trading system. Following “America First” policy, the US has refused to shoulder its due obligations under multilateral trading agreements, and withdrawn from international treaties and organizations, taking a heavy toll on the development and functioning of the global trading system. A WTO dispute settlement report has identified the US as the biggest rule-breaker, responsible for two-thirds of violations of WTO rules. The US also blocked the appointment of new judges in the WTO Appellate Body, leading to an impasse in the Appellate Body since December 2019.
谬误15美国要给各国提供另一个选项，使各国不再承受造成债务负担的不透明投资。
Falsehood 15 The US will give countries an alternative choice, so that they can be free from opaque investments that leave them in debt.
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