翻译数据库中英对照：美国对华认知中的谬误和事实真相 [20]
Reality Check: Falsehoods in US Perceptions of China [20]
谬误12中国宣布要在太平洋地区建立一个势力范围，在南海推进非法海洋活动，破坏和平与安全、航行自由及商业活动。美将继续反对中方在南海、东海采取进攻性、非法活动。美将与盟友、伙伴一道，支持该地区沿岸国主张自己的海洋权利，支持航行自由和飞越自由，也将继续在国际法允许的范围内航行与飞越。
Falsehood 12 China has announced its ambition to create a sphere of influence in the Pacific region. It is advancing unlawful maritime claims in the South China Sea, undermining peace and security, freedom of navigation and commerce. The US will continue to oppose Beijing’s aggressive and unlawful activities in the South and East China Seas. It will support the region’s coastal states in upholding their maritime rights, work with allies and partners to uphold freedom of navigation and overflight, and will continue to fly and sail wherever international law allows.
事实真相中国始终坚持走和平发展道路，坚持和平共处五项原则，反对以大欺小、恃强凌弱。美方炒作“中国威胁论”，以所谓的“航行自由”为借口损害中国的主权、安全和海洋权益，是对地区和平稳定的真正威胁。
Reality Check China is committed to the path of peaceful development, the five principles of peaceful coexistence and opposes the practice of the big and strong bullying the small and weak. The US, by painting China as a threat and using “freedom of navigation” as a pretext to undermine China’s sovereignty, security and maritime rights and interests, is actually the real threat to regional peace and security.
◆中国历来主张大小国家一律平等，尊重各国选择适合本国国情的发展道路，从不寻求建立什么势力范围。中国奉行防御性国防政策和积极防御的军事战略。中国发展军力是为了维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，不针对任何国家。中国军事力量的增长，是世界和平力量的增长。
◆ China stands for equality among all countries irrespective of their size, respects every country’s choice of development path suited to its national condition, and does not seek any sphere of influence. China pursues a defense policy that is defensive in nature and a military strategy of active defense. In developing its defense capabilities, China aims to safeguard its sovereignty, security and development interests, and does not target any other country. The growth of China’s defense capabilities amplifies the force for peace in the world.
◆中国最早发现、命名和开发利用南海诸岛及相关海域，最早并持续、和平、有效地对南海诸岛及相关海域行使主权和管辖。中国对南海诸岛的主权和在南海的相关权益，是在漫长的历史过程中确立的，具有充分的历史和法理依据，为中国历代政府所坚持，得到国际社会普遍承认。二战结束后，根据1943年《开罗宣言》和1945年《波茨坦公告》的规定，中国收复被日本非法侵占的西沙群岛和南沙群岛等领土，并通过编制地名、公布地图、行政建制、军事驻守等方式宣示主权，加强管辖。中国恢复对南海诸岛行使主权既是对历史上形成的固有权利的正当合法继承，也是二战后国际秩序的一部分，得到包括美国在内世界各国普遍承认。
◆ China is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters, and the first to have exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them continuously, peacefully and effectively. China’s sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and its relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea have been established in the long course of history. They are solidly grounded in history and law, and have been upheld by successive Chinese governments and recognized by the international community. Pursuant to the 1943 Cairo Declaration and the 1945 Potsdam Proclamation, China recovered territories illegally occupied by Japan including Xisha Qundao and Nansha Qundao after WWII, and has since affirmed sovereignty and strengthened jurisdiction by establishing official names, publishing maps, creating administrative units and stationing troops. China’s resuming its exercise of sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is a legitimate and lawful act to inherit China’s rights established over the course of history. It is also part of the post-WWII international order, and has been recognized by countries around the world including the US.
◆当前，在中国和东盟国家共同努力下，南海局势保持总体稳定。各方坚持全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》，加强对话、妥处分歧、深化合作、增进互信，积极推进“南海行为准则”磋商，共同维护南海和平稳定，为地区及全球安全稳定繁荣注入正能量。疫情以来，各方以线下方式召开了落实《宣言》高官会，以视频方式举行了10次联合工作组会，持续推进“准则”案文磋商。近期，各方克服疫情困难，在柬埔寨举行疫情以来首次线下磋商。这些积极进展充分展现了地区国家坚定推进“准则”磋商的决心和信念。
◆ With the joint efforts of China and ASEAN countries, the overall situation in the South China Sea remains stable. With the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), the parties have increased dialogue, properly handled differences, deepened cooperation and enhanced mutual trust, and have made active progress in advancing consultations on the Code of Conduct (COC) in the South China Sea, in an effort to jointly safeguard peace and stability in the South China Sea and inject positive dynamics into regional and global security, stability and prosperity. Despite COVID-19, the parties have held offline Senior Officials’ Meetings on the implementation of the DOC and 10 joint working group meetings via video link to advance consultations on the COC text. Last month, the first face-to-face COC consultations since COVID-19 was held in Cambodia. Such positive progress speaks volumes about the resolve and commitment of regional countries to steadfastly advance consultations toward a COC.
◆中国尊重和支持各国依据国际法在南海享有的航行与飞越自由，积极维护国际航运通道的安全和畅通。事实上，南海是目前世界上最安全、最自由的海上通道之一。全球50%的商船和1/3的海上贸易航经该海域，每年10万多艘商船通过该海域。南海航行与飞越自由从来不是问题。
◆ China respects and supports all countries’ freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea in accordance with international law, and actively safeguards the security of and unimpeded passage through international shipping lanes. In fact, the South China Sea is one of the world’s safest and freest sea lanes. Fifty percent of merchant vessels in the world and one-third of international maritime trade pass through it, and more than 100,000 merchant ships sail through it annually. Freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea has never been an issue.
◆钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是中国的固有领土。中方在钓鱼岛海域开展巡航执法，是中方依法行使主权的正当举措，也是针对日方侵权挑衅行动作出的必要反应。中国政府坚定维护国家主权和领土完整，任何国家、任何势力都不应对此有误判。同时，中方始终致力于通过对话磋商妥善处理和解决问题，为稳定海上局势作出了巨大努力。2014年，中日双方就处理和改善中日关系达成四点原则共识，其中就管控钓鱼岛和东海海域局势作出明确约定。
◆ Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands are China’s inherent territory. China’s patrol and law enforcement missions in waters off the Diaoyu Dao are legitimate measures taken by China to exercise its sovereignty in accordance with law and are necessary responses to Japanese provocations in violation of China’s sovereignty. No country or force should misjudge the strong resolve of the Chinese government to safeguard sovereignty and territorial integrity. At the same time, China stays committed to properly handling and resolving issues through dialogue and consultation, and has made great efforts to maintain maritime stability. In 2014, a four-point principled consensus was reached between China and Japan to handle and improve China-Japan relations, which includes a clear understanding on managing the situation surrounding Diaoyu Dao and the East China Sea.
◆美国热衷于“门罗主义”那一套，搞强权政治和霸权霸凌，肆意破坏国际海洋秩序，目的是维护其海上霸主地位。美国在建国以来240多年历史中仅有16年没有打仗，在全球80个国家和地区拥有800多个海外军事基地；军费常年高居世界第一，占世界军费总开支约1/4，相当于其后9个国家军费开支的总和。近来美国又提交了约8130亿美元的2023财年国防预算草案。常年维持如此庞大的军费开支，美国才是对全世界构成“步步紧逼的挑战”。
◆ Acting under the logic of the Monroe Doctrine, the US often uses power politics and hegemonic and bullying acts to flagrantly undermine the international maritime order, with a view to sustaining its maritime predominance. In the 240-plus-year history of the US, there were only 16 years when the country was not at war with others. The US operates over 800 military bases in 80 countries and regions. Its military expenditure, which has topped the world for many years in a row, accounts for one-fourth of the global total and is equivalent to the combined military spending of the next nine countries. Recently, the US has proposed a national defense budget request of about 813 billion US dollars for fiscal year 2023. Such massive military spending makes the US the real “pacing challenge” to the world.
◆美国罔顾南海问题的历史经纬和客观事实，蓄意挑动南海领土主权和海洋权益争端，挑拨地区国家间关系，是南海稳定的最大破坏者和南海军事化的最大推手。根据专业机构统计，较之十几年前，美对中国的抵近军事侦察次数增长了一倍多。当前每天有5艘左右舰艇在中国近海游弋。今年以来，美军舰平均每月穿越台湾海峡一次，大型侦察机对华抵近侦察高达800余架次，并多次侵犯中国领空。美方还鼓动其盟友和伙伴也把军舰开到这片海域，唯恐南海不乱。
◆ The US disregards the history and facts surrounding the South China Sea issue, deliberately stokes disputes on territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and sows discord among regional countries. It has become the biggest force undermining stability and fueling militarization in the South China Sea. Data from relevant organizations show that the number of US close-in reconnaissance activities targeting China has more than doubled over the past decade and more. Right now, an average of five US naval vessels cruise near China’s shore every day. This year, US naval vessels have been sailing through the Taiwan Strait about once a month, and large US reconnaissance planes have flown over 800 times close to China and repeatedly violated China’s airspace. Eager to stir up trouble in the South China Sea, the US has also encouraged its allies and partners to sail their naval vessels into the South China Sea.
2021年10月2日，美军“康涅狄格”号核潜艇在南海地区潜航时发生撞击事故。事故发生一周后，美方才发表了一份语焉不详的声明，说核潜艇撞上了不明物体。事故发生近一个月后，美方又说撞上了“不知名的海底山”。直至2022年5月23日，美国海军才公布事故最终调查报告，但始终没有对核潜艇的航行意图、事故发生的具体地点、是否在别国专属经济区甚至领海、究竟有没有造成核泄漏以及破坏海洋环境等外界严重关切和疑虑的问题，作出明确的说明。
On 2 October 2021, USS Connecticut, a nuclear submarine, had an underwater collision in the South China Sea. It was not until a week later that the US issued a vague statement, claiming that the submarine hit an unknown object. One month after, it said that the submarine “grounded on an uncharted seamount”. A final report on the accident was eventually released by the US Navy on 23 May 2022, yet no clear explanation has been offered in response to the grave concerns and questions raised by many, including the intent of the submarine, the specific location of the accident, whether the submarine had entered exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and even territorial sea of other countries, and whether the accident had caused a nuclear leak or damaged marine environment.
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