翻译数据库中英对照：美国对华认知中的谬误和事实真相 [11]
Reality Check: Falsehoods in US Perceptions of China [11]
美国印第安人事务协会执行董事兼律师香农·凯勒表示，“我们有着多样文化和语言，但却经常不被当作一个族裔来看待，而只是被看作一个政治阶层，基于我们同联邦的条约来取得有限的自治权。”美国《大西洋月刊》评论称，从历史上遭驱逐、屠戮和强制同化，到如今整体性的贫困和被忽视，原本是这片大陆主人的印第安人却在美国社会声音微弱。
Shannon Keller O’Loughlin, Chief Executive and Attorney of the Association on American Indian Affairs, said that Native Americans have diverse cultures and languages, but are often seen not as an ethnic group, but as a political stratum with limited autonomy based on treaties with the federal government. The Atlantic commented that from the expulsion, slaughter and forced assimilation back in history to the current widespread poverty and neglect, the American Indians, once the owner of this continent, now have a very weak voice in American society.
美国政府为推行英语和基督教教育，历史上对印第安人实行寄宿学校制度，还曾制定法律禁止原住民举行代代相传的宗教仪式。美国“外交政策”网站2021年10月11日发表题为《美国必须正视自己的种族灭绝行为》的文章称，美国政府19世纪至20世纪期间出资建立的350多所土著居民寄宿学校，强制土著居民儿童脱离家庭和社区入读偏远的寄宿学校，对其实施文化同化。数十万土著居民儿童被迫背井离乡，不少人遭受虐待命丧校园。在这些寄宿学校中，美洲印第安、阿拉斯加和夏威夷土著居民的身份、语言、信仰遭到压制。美国不仅在道义上，而且在法律上对本国人民犯下了种族灭绝罪行。
The US government enforced the system of boarding schools in Native American areas to impose English and Christian education on Native American children. It also enacted laws prohibiting Native Americans from performing religious rituals which have been passed down through generations. An article titled “The United States Must Reckon With Its Own Genocides” carried by Foreign Policy website on 11 October 2021 noted that over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, there were more than 350 government funded indigenous boarding schools across the US. Hundreds of thousands of indigenous children passed through, or died in, these schools. The purpose of Indian boarding schools was to culturally assimilate indigenous children by forcibly relocating them from their families and communities to distant residential facilities where their American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian identities, languages, and beliefs were to be forcibly suppressed. The US was not just morally, but also legally responsible for the crime of genocide against its own people.
美国印第安人作家丽贝卡·纳格尔认为，有关美国原住民的信息在美国主流媒体和流行文化中被系统性地清除。据美国土著教育组织报告，87％的州级历史教材不涉及1900年以后的土著历史。史密森学会等撰文称，美国学校里讲授的有关印第安人的内容充斥不准确的信息，未如实描述原住民的遭遇。前共和党参议员桑托勒姆在美国青年基金会上竟公开称“美国是一个从零诞生的国家，之前这里几乎什么都没有……说实话，美国文化中几乎不包含美国原住民文化”。
Native American writer Rebecca Nagle believes that information about Native Americans has been systematically removed from mainstream media and popular culture. According to a report by National Indian Education Association, 87 percent of state-level US history textbooks do not mention the post-1900 history of indigenous people. According to the Smithsonian Institution, things taught about Native Americans in American schools are full of inaccurate information and fail to present the real picture of the sufferings of indigenous people. Rick Santorum, a former Republican senator, said publicly at the Young America’s Foundation that “We birthed a nation from nothing. I mean, there was nothing here ... but candidly, there isn’t much Native American culture in American culture.”
◆美国主流社会对穆斯林和伊斯兰教的恐惧、歧视、打压愈演愈烈。彭博社2021年9月9日报道称，“9·11”事件后的20年间，美国对穆斯林的歧视呈上升趋势。美联社2021年9月9日报道，调查发现，53%的美国人对伊斯兰教持负面看法。美国—伊斯兰关系委员会2021年发布报告称，该组织每年都会收到更多与欺凌和仇视穆斯林相关言论的投诉。
◆ Islamphobia and the discrimination against and suppression of Muslims and Islam in US mainstream society has become more pronounced. A Bloomberg report on 9 September 2021 observed that discrimination against Muslims in the US increased in the two decades after 9/11. On the same day, the Associated Press cited a survey which found that 53 percent of Americans have negative views toward Islam. The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) said in its 2021 report that it receives an increasing number of complaints each year about bullying and hate speech against Muslims.
加州大学伯克利分校他者与归属感研究所2021年10月29日发布调查数据显示，67.5%的穆斯林受访者经历过“伊斯兰恐惧症”带来的伤害，93.7%的穆斯林受访者表示他们的身心健康受到“伊斯兰恐惧症”负面影响。
According to the survey findings released by the Othering & Belonging Institute at UC Berkeley on 29 October 2021, 67.5 percent of Muslim respondents said they had experienced Islamophobia, and an even larger percent of those surveyed, 93.7 percent, said that anti-Muslim hatred had affected their mental or emotional well-being to some degree.
◆美国是贩卖人口和强迫劳动的重灾区，至今仍未批准《1930年强迫劳动公约》《联合国儿童权利公约》和《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，每年从境外贩卖至美国从事强迫劳动的人口近10万人，目前在美至少有50万人遭受奴役，有24万至32.5万妇女和儿童遭受性奴役。
◆ The US has serious problems of human trafficking and forced labor. It still has not ratified the Forced Labour Convention (1930), the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Every year, nearly 100,000 people are smuggled into the US for forced labor. Today, there are at least half a million people enslaved in the US; roughly 240,000 to 325,000 women and children are victims of sexual slavery.
◆移民难民问题沦为美国党派攻讦与政治斗争的政治工具，政府朝令夕改、暴力执法，移民群体遭受超期羁押、酷刑和强迫劳动等不人道待遇。美国边境执法部门公布数据显示，2021财年，美国南部边境有高达557名移民死亡，比上一财年增长一倍多，创下1998年有记录以来的历史最高值。同年，美国在南部边境拘留了170多万移民，其中包括4.5万名儿童。2021年9月，超过1.5万名来自海地的寻求庇护者聚集在得克萨斯州边境小镇德尔里奥的一座桥下，在酷热天气下睡在肮脏的帐篷里或泥地上，周围满是垃圾，生活环境十分恶劣。美国边境执法部门残酷对待这些寻求庇护者，巡逻队骑在马背上，挥舞着马鞭冲向人群，将他们驱逐到河水里。美国有线电视新闻网评论称，这一场景让人联想到美国历史上用奴隶巡逻队控制黑人奴隶的黑暗时代。
◆ Immigrants and refugees have become a tool of partisan feuding and political rivalry in the US. The government changes its rules and regulations capriciously, enforces laws violently, and immigrants have been subjected to inhuman treatment such as prolonged detention, torture and forced labor. Data released by US Border Patrol shows that in fiscal year 2021, as many as 557 migrants died on the southern border of the US, more than double the previous fiscal year, hitting the highest number since records began in 1998. That same year, the US detained more than 1.7 million immigrants at the southern border, including 45,000 children. In September 2021, more than 15,000 asylum seekers from Haiti crowded under a bridge in the Texas border town of Del Rio, sleeping in squalid tents or dirt in the sweltering heat, and surrounded by trash under dire living conditions. US border patrol authorities brutalized the asylum seekers, with patrols on horseback, brandishing horsewhips and charging toward the crowds to expel them into the river. CNN commented that this scene is reminiscent of the dark era in American history when slave patrols were used to control black slaves.
◆美国政府对美国人民的人权遭受系统性侵犯无动于衷，却打着人权幌子对别国肆意攻击、横加干涉，以强权挑战公理，以私利践踏正义。
◆ Turning a blind eye to the systematic violation of the human rights of its own people, the US government has wilfully attacked other countries and interfered in their internal affairs in the name of human rights, challenging right with might and trampling on justice out of selfish interest.
2001年以来，美国在约80个国家以“反恐”之名发动战争或开展军事行动，造成包括30万平民在内的超过90万人死亡。美国发动长达20年的阿富汗战争让阿富汗满目疮痍，民生凋敝。据统计，总共47245名阿富汗平民以及6.6万至6.9万名与“9·11”事件无关的阿富汗军人和警察在美军行动中丧生，1000多万人流离失所。阿富汗战争毁坏阿经济发展基础，让阿富汗人民一贫如洗。美国撤离阿富汗后，立即将阿富汗中央银行数十亿美元外汇储备冻结，导致阿富汗经济处于崩溃的边缘，人民生活雪上加霜。
Since 2001, the US has waged war or conducted military operations in about 80 countries in the name of “war on terror”, resulting in the deaths of more than 900,000 people, including 300,000 civilians. The 20-year-long war waged by the US has left Afghanistan devastated and impoverished. A total of 47,245 Afghan civilians and 66,000 to 69,000 Afghan soldiers and police officers unrelated to 9/11 have been killed and more than 10 million displaced as a result of US operations. The War in Afghanistan has destroyed the foundation of economic development and impoverished the Afghan people. When the US withdrew from Afghanistan, it immediately froze billions of dollars in foreign exchange reserves at the Afghan central bank, pushing the Afghan economy to the brink of collapse and making things worse for the Afghan people.
众多国家在联合国人权理事会第四十八届会议上谴责美国是“世界人权事业最大的破坏者”，并敦促美国解决自身严重人权问题。
At the 48th session of the UN Human Rights Council, many countries denounced the US as “the biggest destroyer of human rights in the world” and urged it to address its own gross human rights problems.
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