翻译数据库中英对照：《人类减贫的中国实践》白皮书 [4]
Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution [4]
中共十八大以来，中国发展进入新时代，全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标进入关键阶段。经济社会快速发展，综合国力明显增强，社会保障体系更加健全，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化加快推进，为减贫事业发展奠定了坚实的人力、财力、物力基础，提供了有力制度支撑。同时，中国仍然面临严峻的贫困形势，面对的都是贫中之贫、坚中之坚，减贫进入啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨的冲刺阶段，采用常规思路和办法、按部就班推进难以完成任务，必须以更大的决心、更明确的思路、更精准的举措、超常规的力度，众志成城实现脱贫攻坚目标。
China marched into a new era after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012. The country reached a critical stage in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the First Centenary Goal. Rapid economic and social development, a marked increase in comprehensive national strength, a better social security system, and progress in modernizing China's system and capacity for governance provided solid manpower, material, and financial foundations and strong institutional support for its poverty alleviation efforts. But the country still faced a daunting challenge since it had to solve the most difficult problems in raising the poorest population out of poverty in the coming period. China's battle against extreme poverty had entered the toughest stage. It was hard to complete the task with conventional approaches and ideas. To achieve the goal of poverty alleviation, the nation had to pull together with greater determination, sharper thinking, more targeted measures, and extraordinary efforts.
以习近平同志为核心的中共中央，把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，提出实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，推进决胜全面建成小康社会，把贫困人口全部脱贫作为全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的底线任务和标志性指标，将脱贫攻坚纳入“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，明确到2020年现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫、贫困县全部摘帽、解决区域性整体贫困的目标任务，汇聚全党全国全社会之力打响脱贫攻坚战。习近平总书记时刻挂念贫困地区和困难群众，把扶贫作为治国理政的重要内容，花的精力最多，提出一系列重要思想重要论述，作出一系列重大决策部署。2012年，中共十八大提出全面建成小康社会奋斗目标，十八大召开后不久，习近平总书记就指出“小康不小康，关键看老乡，关键在贫困的老乡能不能脱贫”，强调“决不能落下一个贫困地区、一个贫困群众”，拉开了新时代脱贫攻坚的序幕。2013年，习近平总书记赴湖南省花垣县十八洞村考察时，首次提出“实事求是、因地制宜、分类指导、精准扶贫”的理念。2014年，习近平总书记在参加十二届全国人大二次会议贵州代表团审议时指出，“看真贫、扶真贫、真扶贫”。2015年，习近平总书记出席中央扶贫开发工作会议时指出，“要立下愚公移山志，咬定目标、苦干实干”，吹响了脱贫攻坚战的冲锋号。2017年，习近平总书记在中共十九大报告中指出，“让贫困人口和贫困地区同全国一道进入全面小康社会是我们党的庄严承诺”“坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战”，动员全党全国全社会聚力攻克深度贫困堡垒、决战决胜脱贫攻坚。2020年，面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，习近平总书记主持召开决战决胜脱贫攻坚座谈会进行再部署再动员，指出农村贫困人口全部脱贫“必须如期实现，没有任何退路和弹性。这是一场硬仗，越到最后越要紧绷这根弦，不能停顿、不能大意、不能放松”，要求全党全国以更大的决心、更强的力度，做好“加试题”、打好收官战，信心百倍向着脱贫攻坚的最后胜利进军。
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core takes the desire of the people for a better life as its goal. It has committed to realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation and securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Poverty alleviation, a key task and index of the realization of the First Centenary Goal, has been included in the Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. The CPC set the goals that by 2020 it would help all the rural population out of poverty as defined by the existing standard, raise all impoverished counties out of poverty, and eliminate poverty over entire regions - mobilizing the whole Party, the whole country, and all sectors of society to engage in this battle. President Xi Jinping, always concerned about impoverished regions and families in straitened circumstances, has always put poverty alleviation at the top of his work agenda and devoted much of his energy to it. He has presented a series of important ideas and proposals, and made some major policy decisions. The 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 set the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Soon after that, Xi enunciated, "To achieve initial prosperity in the countryside, it is essential to raise rural living standards and particularly those of impoverished villagers." Launching the campaign against poverty in the new era, he also emphasized, "No single poor area or single poor person should be left behind in achieving this goal." In 2013, on his inspection tour to Shibadong Village, Huayuan County, Hunan Province, Xi proposed for the first time the concept of "giving differentiated guidance for targeted poverty alleviation in line with local conditions by seeking truth from facts". In 2014, while attending the deliberation session of the Guizhou delegation at the Second Plenary Session of the 12th National People's Congress, Xi stated, "Inspection tours must be conducted to identify the truly poor. Poverty alleviation must reach those who truly need it, and poverty must be fully eliminated." In 2015, at the National Conference on Development-driven Poverty Alleviation, he sounded the bugle call to battle, "We should be determined, dedicate ourselves, and work hard towards the goal." In 2017, in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, Xi emphasized the need to mobilize the energies of the whole Party, the whole country, and the whole of society to win the battle against extreme poverty and eradicate it, "Ensuring that poor people and poor areas will enter the moderately prosperous society together with the rest of the country is a solemn promise made by our Party… We must win the battle against poverty." In 2020, faced with the sudden attack of Covid-19, Xi mapped out new plans for mobilization at a seminar on poverty alleviation, emphasizing that lifting poor people in the rural areas out of poverty "must be achieved as scheduled". "It is non-negotiable. This is a tough battle with no route of retreat. We must double our efforts till the last minute. We must not pause, slacken off or be negligent." He asked the whole Party to perform well in this "difficult test", to apply more determination and more vigor, and to be confident of bringing the battle to a successful end.
习近平总书记亲自指挥、亲自部署、亲自督战，出席中央扶贫开发工作会议，7次主持召开中央扶贫工作座谈会，50多次调研扶贫工作，连续5年审定脱贫攻坚成效考核结果，连续7年在全国扶贫日期间出席重要活动或作出重要指示，连续7年在新年贺词中强调脱贫攻坚，每年在全国两会期间下团组同代表委员共商脱贫攻坚大计，多次回信勉励基层干部群众投身减贫事业。习近平总书记走遍全国14个集中连片特困地区，考察了20多个贫困村，深入贫困家庭访贫问苦，倾听贫困群众意见建议，了解扶贫脱贫需求，极大鼓舞了贫困群众脱贫致富的信心和决心。2021年2月25日，习近平总书记在全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会上庄严宣告中国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务，创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹。
President Xi Jinping has assumed leadership, made plans, and directed the battle in person. He has attended the National Conference on Development-driven Poverty Alleviation, and presided over seven seminars on poverty elimination. He has made over 50 fact-finding trips. In every one of the last five years, he has reviewed the evaluation reports of the poverty alleviation work. In every one of the last seven years, he has attended important events or issued directives on the National Poverty Alleviation Day. In every one of the last seven years, he has expounded on the fight against extreme poverty in his New Year address. In every one of the last eight years, he has discussed plans for the battle against poverty with delegates during the Two Sessions and written letters to encourage grassroots officials and communities to engage in the great fight. He has visited every one of the 14 contiguous poor areas across the country and over 20 poor villages, and sat in the homes of impoverished households to hear of their difficulties, suggestions, and needs, building up their confidence and determination, and their belief that they can work their way out of poverty. On February 25, 2021, at the National Poverty Alleviation Summary and Commendation Conference, he declared that China had secured a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty, and completed the arduous task of eradicating extreme poverty – an outstanding and historic achievement.
回顾中国共产党领导人民消除绝对贫困的艰辛历程，极不平凡，极不容易。100年来，中国共产党始终坚守初心使命，担当起对人民的责任，践行对人民的承诺，为实现民族独立、人民解放和国家富强、人民富裕接续奋斗，付出巨大牺牲，赢得了人民的拥护和信赖。100年来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民自强不息、艰苦奋斗，依靠自己的双手，付出难以想象的辛劳和汗水，摆脱了绝对贫困，走上了全面小康、共同富裕的康庄大道。100年来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，人民的生存权发展权充分保障，社会公平正义有力彰显，为更好实现人的全面发展奠定了坚实基础。
The strenuous process whereby the CPC has led the Chinese people in the battle against poverty has been extraordinary and difficult. Over the past 100 years, the Party has committed itself to the original aspiration of seeking happiness for the people, taken on its responsibility for the people, honored its promise to the people, and made huge sacrifices in fighting to win national independence and people's liberation, to make China prosperous and strong, and to bring common prosperity to all. In the process it has won the support and trust of the people. Over the past 100 years the Chinese people, under the leadership of the CPC, have never faltered in pursuit of progress, have put in unimaginable efforts, and have relied on themselves to eradicate extreme poverty, and march towards shared all-round prosperity. Over the past 100 years, under the leadership of the CPC, China has stood tall, become prosperous, and grown in overall national strength. The protection of the rights to subsistence and development, and the promotion of equality and justice have laid solid foundations for well-rounded human development.
二、新时代脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利
II. Final Victory in the Fight Against Extreme Poverty
中共十八大以来，经过8年持续奋斗，到2020年底，中国如期完成新时代脱贫攻坚目标任务，现行标准下9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫（图1），832个贫困县全部摘帽（图2），12.8万个贫困村全部出列，区域性整体贫困得到解决，完成消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。
China's fight against poverty entered a critical stage after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012. At the end of 2020, through eight years of hard work, China achieved the goal of eliminating extreme poverty – a key goal for the new era of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The 98.99 million people in rural areas who were living below the current poverty threshold all shook off poverty (Figure 1); all the 128,000 impoverished villages and 832 designated poor counties got rid of poverty (Figure 2). China has eliminated poverty over entire regions and eradicated extreme poverty.
脱贫攻坚战对中国农村的改变是历史性的、全方位的，是中国农村的又一次伟大革命，深刻改变了贫困地区落后面貌，有力推动了中国农村整体发展，补齐了全面建成小康社会最突出短板，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标奠定了坚实基础。脱贫攻坚战全面胜利，中华民族在几千年发展历史上首次整体消除绝对贫困，实现了中国人民的千年梦想、百年夙愿。
The battle against poverty has been another great revolution in rural China, leading to historic and comprehensive changes. The campaign saw an end to the backwardness of poverty-stricken areas, boosted overall rural development, resolved the greatest threat to success in achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, and laid a solid foundation for building a modern socialist China and realizing the Second Centenary Goal. China has secured a complete victory in the battle against extreme poverty, eliminating overall and extreme poverty for the first time in its history of thousands of years, and realizing a century-long aspiration of the Chinese people.
（一）贫困人口生活水平显著提升
1. Significant Improvement in the Living Standards of the Poor
经过脱贫攻坚战，贫困人口的收入和福利水平大幅提高，“两不愁三保障”全面实现，教育、医疗、住房、饮水等条件明显改善，既满足了基本生存需要，也为后续发展奠定了基础。脱贫攻坚的阳光照耀到每一个角落，贫困群众的生活发生了巨大变化。
Through poverty alleviation, there has been a substantial improvement in the incomes and welfare of the poor. The Two Assurances and Three Guarantees[ This refers to assurances of adequate food and clothing, and guarantees of access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing for impoverished rural residents. ] have been realized; education, healthcare, housing and drinking water supplies are much improved. These provisions have covered all basic needs and laid the foundations for future development. The fight against poverty has led to dramatic changes in the lives of the impoverished.
贫困人口收入水平持续提升（图3）。贫困地区农村居民人均可支配收入，从2013的6079元增长到2020年的12588元，年均增长11.6%，增长持续快于全国农村，增速比全国农村高2.3个百分点。贫困人口工资性收入和经营性收入占比逐年上升，转移性收入占比逐年下降，自主增收脱贫能力稳步提高。少数民族和民族地区脱贫攻坚成效显著，2016年至2020年，内蒙古自治区、广西壮族自治区、西藏自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区和贵州、云南、青海三个多民族省份贫困人口累计减少1560万人。28个人口较少民族全部实现整族脱贫，一些新中国成立后“一步跨千年”进入社会主义社会的“直过民族”，又实现了从贫穷落后到全面小康的第二次历史性跨越。
The incomes of the impoverished are increasing (Figure 3). The per capita disposable income of the rural poor increased from RMB6,079 in 2013 to RMB12,588 in 2020, up by 11.6% per annum on average. The growth rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than the national rural average. Their salary income and operative income kept increasing over the years in proportion to their transfer income, showing a stronger ability to shake off poverty through their own efforts. Ethnic minority areas have made notable progress in fighting poverty. From 2016 to 2020, in the five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia and Xinjiang) and three provinces with a large multi-ethnic population (Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai), the number of the poor dropped by 15.6 million. Extreme poverty was eliminated in all 28 of the minority ethnic groups with a small population. Some ethnic groups, still at the later stage of primitive society when the PRC was founded in 1949, leapfrogged to socialism and then again made great strides towards moderate prosperity in all respects.
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