翻译数据库中英对照：《人类减贫的中国实践》白皮书 [5]
Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution [5]
“两不愁三保障”全面实现。脱贫攻坚普查显示，贫困户全面实现不愁吃、不愁穿，平时吃得饱且能适当吃好，一年四季都有应季的换洗衣物和御寒被褥。贫困人口受教育的机会显著增多、水平持续提高，农村贫困家庭子女义务教育阶段辍学问题实现动态清零，2020年贫困县九年义务教育巩固率达到94.8%。持续完善县乡村三级医疗卫生服务体系，把贫困人口全部纳入基本医疗保险、大病保险、医疗救助三重制度保障范围，实施大病集中救治、慢病签约管理、重病兜底保障等措施，99.9%以上的贫困人口参加基本医疗保险，全面实现贫困人口看病有地方、有医生、有医疗保险制度保障，看病难、看病贵问题有效解决。实施农村危房改造，贫困人口全面实现住房安全有保障（专栏1）。实施农村饮水安全和巩固提升工程，累计解决2889万贫困人口的饮水安全问题，饮用水量和水质全部达标，3.82亿农村人口受益；贫困地区自来水普及率从2015年的70%提高到2020年的83%。
The Two Assurances and Three Guarantees have been realized. According to the national survey of poverty alleviation[ The national survey of poverty alleviation is a full review of China's progress in fighting poverty and has a fundamental importance for targeted poverty alleviation. From 2020 to 2021, the survey was conducted in 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units in central and western China, focusing on the veracity of poverty alleviation results, particularly the overall progress in designated poor counties. The survey includes registration of poverty-stricken populations, progress in the Two Assurances and Three Guarantees, participation of the impoverished in poverty alleviation programs, and basic public services in poor counties and villages. ], poor households now have adequate food and clothing all year round and a proper supply of nutritious food. They have clothing for all four seasons and comforters that protect them from cold weather. Access to good quality education for the impoverished has improved remarkably; there are no dropouts in the countryside due to financial difficulties; nine-year compulsory education is now available to all children from rural poor households, and the completion rate in 2020 was 94.8%. The three-tier healthcare system at village, township and county levels has been improved. All poverty-stricken populations now have access to basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, and medical assistance, to ensure medical treatment to the impoverished with major illnesses, contracted healthcare to the impoverished with chronic diseases, and guaranteed medical services for the impoverished with critical illnesses. Basic medical insurance coverage of the poor is now over 99.9%. All the impoverished have been guaranteed medical services and medical insurance. Through these measures, China has resolved the problem of difficult and expensive access to medical treatment for poverty-stricken residents. The program of renovation of dilapidated rural homes has ensured safe housing for all the impoverished (Box 1). The program of safe drinking water for rural residents has secured supplies to 28.89 million poor in terms of both quantity and quality, and benefited 382 million rural population; tap water coverage increased from 70% in 2015 to 83% in 2020.
（二）贫困地区落后面貌根本改变
2. Poverty-stricken Areas Rid of Backwardness
长期以来，贫困地区基础设施薄弱，公共服务匮乏，经济社会发展滞后。脱贫攻坚战不仅使农村贫困人口全部脱贫，而且使贫困地区经济社会发展大踏步赶上来，整体面貌发生历史性巨变。
Poor areas have long suffered from weak infrastructure, inadequate public services, and social and economic underdevelopment. In the final stages of fighting poverty, China succeeded in raising all the rural poor out of extreme poverty and the impoverished areas achieved a big stride in economic and social development, taking on a brand new look.
基础设施显著改善。出行难、用电难、用水难、通信难，是长期以来制约贫困地区发展的瓶颈。把基础设施建设作为脱贫攻坚基础工程，集中力量，加大投入，全力推进，补齐了贫困地区基础设施短板，推动了贫困地区经济社会快速发展。以建好、管好、护好、运营好农村公路（简称“四好农村路”，专栏2）为牵引，积极推进贫困地区建设外通内联、通村畅乡、客车到村、安全便捷的交通运输网络。截至2020年底，全国贫困地区新改建公路110万公里、新增铁路里程3.5万公里，贫困地区具备条件的乡镇和建制村全部通硬化路、通客车、通邮路，贫困地区因路而兴、因路而富。努力改善贫困地区水利基础设施条件，2016年以来，新增和改善农田有效灌溉面积8029万亩，新增供水能力181亿立方米，水利支撑贫困地区发展的能力显著增强。大幅提升贫困地区用电条件，实施无电地区电力建设、农村电网改造升级、骨干电网和输电通道建设等电网专项工程，把电网延伸到更多偏远地区，农村地区基本实现稳定可靠的供电服务全覆盖，供电能力和服务水平明显提升（专栏3）。加强贫困地区通信设施建设，贫困村通光纤和4G比例均超过98%，远程教育加快向贫困地区学校推进，远程医疗、电子商务覆盖所有贫困县，贫困地区信息化建设实现跨越式发展。基础设施的极大改善，从根本上破解了贫困地区脱贫致富的难题，畅通了贫困地区与外界的人流、物流、知识流、信息流，为贫困地区发展提供了有力的硬件支撑。
Poor areas have long suffered from weak infrastructure, inadequate public services, and social and economic underdevelopment. In the final stages of fighting poverty, China succeeded in raising all the rural poor out of extreme poverty and the impoverished areas achieved a big stride in economic and social development, taking on a brand new look. Infrastructure has been improved. Lack of access to transport, electricity, drinking water and communications hinders the development of poverty-stricken areas. Infrastructure construction is a basic element in the battle against poverty; through an intensified effort and further investment, new infrastructure in poor areas boosted their social and economic development. The construction, management, maintenance and operation of roads in rural areas have all seen significant improvement (Box 2). Transport networks now connect all villages with other local villages and with the outside world, and provide them with safe and easy access to bus services. By the end of 2020, impoverished areas had gained 1.1 million km of reconstructed highways and 35,000 km of new railways; all the villages, townships and towns in poverty-stricken areas with the right conditions were accessible by paved road and provided with bus and mail routes, which facilitated more economic development. Water infrastructure in impoverished areas has been improved in many ways. Since 2016, the effective irrigated area has increased by more than 5.35 million ha and water supply capacity has increased by 18.1 billion cu m. Better water infrastructure is also a provider of strong support for the development of poverty-stricken areas. Electricity access in poor areas has been improved through power grid construction projects such as power supply to areas without electricity, upgrading of rural power grids, and construction of trunk power grids and power transmission channels. Now, more remote areas are connected to power grids, and almost all rural areas enjoy a steady power supply (Box 3). Communications infrastructure has been extended in poverty-stricken areas. Now, over 98% of poor villages have access to optical fiber communications (OFC) and 4G technology; distance education is available at more schools in impoverished areas; telemedicine and e-commerce cover all designated poor counties. All of this represents an unprecedented pace of development of IT application in poverty-stricken areas. This comprehensive range of infrastructure improvements has resolved many historical problems trapping poor areas in poverty, facilitated the flows of personnel, logistics, knowledge and information between poor areas and the outside world, and provided solid support for social and economic development in impoverished areas.
基本公共服务水平明显提升。在解决好贫困人口吃饭、穿衣、居住等温饱问题基础上，大力提升贫困地区教育、医疗、文化、社会保障等基本公共服务水平，实现贫困人口学有所教、病有所医、老有所养、弱有所扶，为贫困地区发展夯实基础、积蓄后劲。2013年以来，累计改造贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校10.8万所，实现贫困地区适龄儿童都能在所在村上幼儿园和小学。贫困地区公共文化服务水平不断提高，截至2020年底，中西部22个省份基层文化中心建设完成比例达到99.48%，基本实现村级文化设施全覆盖；持续推进文化下乡，贫困群众也有了丰富多彩的业余文化生活。贫困地区医疗条件显著改善，消除了乡村两级医疗卫生机构和人员“空白点”，98%的贫困县至少有一所二级以上医院，贫困地区县级医院收治病种中位数达到全国县级医院整体水平的90%，贫困人口的常见病、慢性病基本能够就近获得及时诊治，越来越多的大病在县域内就可以得到有效救治。综合保障体系逐步健全，贫困县农村低保标准全部超过国家扶贫标准，1936万贫困人口纳入农村低保或特困救助供养政策；6098万贫困人口参加了城乡居民基本养老保险，基本实现应保尽保。
Basic public services have been improved. In addition to providing adequate food, clothing and safe housing for the impoverished, China has intensified efforts to improve basic public services covering education, healthcare, culture and social security. The goal is to guarantee impoverished people access to education, medical services, elderly care and social assistance, so as to support development in poverty-stricken areas. Since 2013, China has renovated 108,000 schools to strengthen the provision of compulsory education in poor areas, and ensured that all school-age rural children receive kindergarten and elementary education within their own villages. Public cultural services in poor areas have also been improved. By the end of 2020, 99.48% of villages in 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units in central and western China had seen their own cultural centers completed. The campaign of bringing culture to the countryside has enriched the cultural life of the rural poor. There has been a notable improvement in healthcare provision in poor areas. This program has remedied the shortfall in medical workers and institutions at village and township level. 98% of the designated poor counties now have at least one grade-two hospital. The county-level hospitals in impoverished areas can treat 90% of the diseases that general county-level hospitals can. The impoverished can now have common ailments and chronic diseases treated at nearby medical institutions in a timely manner, and more major illnesses can be effectively treated at county-level hospitals. Comprehensive social security systems are now in place in poor areas. The standards of eligibility for rural subsistence allowances in designated poor counties are all higher than the national poverty threshold. Some 19.36 million impoverished people have been covered by rural subsistence allowances or extreme poverty relief funds, and 60.98 million by basic pension schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, achieving nearly 100% coverage.
经济持续快速发展。脱贫攻坚极大释放了贫困地区蕴含的潜力，为经济发展注入强大动力。产业结构显著改善，特色优势产业不断发展，电子商务、光伏、旅游等新业态新产业蓬勃兴起，推动了贫困地区经济多元化发展，扩大了市场有效供给，厚植了经济发展基础。贫困地区的地区生产总值持续保持较快增长，2015年以来，人均一般公共预算收入年均增幅高出同期全国平均水平约7个百分点。收入的持续稳定增长，激发了贫困群众提升生活品质、丰富精神文化生活的需求，拉动了庞大的农村消费，为促进国内大循环提供了支撑。
The economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth. The battle against poverty has released the potential of poor areas, and injected vigor into their economic development. Poverty-stricken areas have seen notable improvements in their economic structure. Businesses that leverage local strengths have been growing and thriving, including such new forms as e-commerce, photovoltaic technology, and tourism. The economy in poor areas has diversified, and effective market supply has increased. These developments provide solid foundations for economic growth. The GDP of impoverished areas has maintained rapid growth. Since 2015, the average annual increment in per capita revenue from the national general public budget has been seven percentage points higher than the national average. A steady increase in incomes has created higher demand for life quality and cultural activities. This has stimulated a surge in consumption in rural areas, and provided support for the domestic economy.
优秀文化传承弘扬。加强贫困地区传统文化、特色文化、民族文化的保护、传承和弘扬，贫困地区优秀文化繁荣发展。实施国家传统工艺振兴工程，引导和推动革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区保护好、发展好当地优秀传统技艺。支持贫困地区深入挖掘民族文化、红色文化、乡土文化、非物质文化遗产特色资源，加强保护研究、人才培养、展示推广，打造特色文化旅游产业。开展留存扶贫印记活动，建立贫困村扶贫档案，鼓励支持扶贫题材影视文艺作品创作，生动记录脱贫致富历程。贫困地区优秀文化的保护传承，既促进了贫困群众增收致富，也延续了文脉、留住了乡愁。
Cultural heritage has been protected. China has strengthened the protection and promotion of traditional culture, folk culture and ethnic culture in poor areas to maintain a wealth of cultural diversity. It has implemented the Plan on the Revitalization of Traditional Chinese Craftsmanship to protect and develop fine craftsmanship in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas. It has supported poor areas to develop cultural resources with local characteristics, including ethnic culture, revolutionary sites, folk culture, and intangible cultural heritage. Local governments in poor areas have developed tourism there by conserving and promoting these cultural resources and training support staff. China has paid attention to keeping a record of the experiences of ordinary people in poverty alleviation, such as archives of poor villages, films, TV programs and literary works themed on poverty alleviation. Through the protection and promotion of cultural heritage in poor areas, the impoverished have gained additional income while retaining their cultural roots.
生态环境更美更好。将扶贫开发与水土保持、环境保护、生态建设相结合，通过生态扶贫、农村人居环境整治、生态脆弱地区易地扶贫搬迁等措施，贫困地区生态保护水平明显改善，守护了绿水青山、换来了金山银山。脱贫攻坚既促进了贫困人口“增收”，又促进了贫困地区“增绿”，极大改善了贫困地区生态环境，广大农村旧貌换了新颜，生态宜居水平不断提高。
The eco-environment has improved. China has integrated development-driven poverty alleviation with soil and water conservation and eco-environmental conservation. By developing the eco-economy, improving the rural living environment, and relocating the impoverished from inhospitable areas to places with better economic prospects, there have been remarkable improvements in the eco-environment of poverty-stricken areas. Lucid waters and lush mountains have become their invaluable assets. Through the fight against poverty, China has increased the incomes of the impoverished, improved the eco-environment of poor areas, and made the vast rural areas more livable spaces for their inhabitants.
深度贫困地区是贫中之贫、坚中之坚。通过脱贫攻坚，“三区三州”等深度贫困地区突出问题得到根本解决，基础设施和公共服务水平显著提升，特色主导产业加快发展，社会文明程度明显提高，区域性整体贫困问题彻底解决（专栏4）。
Severely impoverished areas are the top priority in China's battle against poverty. The "three areas and three prefectures"[ The "three areas" refer to the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Hotan, Aksu, Kashgar prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang, and prefectures and counties with large Tibetan populations in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai. The "three prefectures" refer to the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province. ] in extreme poverty have seen notable improvements in infrastructure, public services, and civil communal behavior, as well as rapid development in industries and businesses that leverage local strengths. All of these efforts have brought an end to regional and overall poverty (Box 4).
（三）脱贫群众精神风貌焕然一新
3. Those Who Have Been Lifted Out of Poverty Adopt a New Mindset
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