翻译数据库中英对照：《人类减贫的中国实践》白皮书 [7]
Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution [7]
贫困残疾人保障水平全面提升。700多万贫困残疾人如期脱贫，创造了人类减贫史上残疾人特殊困难群体消除贫困的奇迹。困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度惠及2400多万残疾人。1066.7万残疾人纳入最低生活保障。贫困残疾人全部纳入基本医疗保险、大病保险，54.7万贫困残疾人得到医疗救助。178.5万户贫困残疾人家庭住房安全问题得到解决。贫困残疾人的特殊需求得到更好保障，8万余名家庭经济困难的残疾儿童接受普惠性学前教育。65.3万户贫困重度残疾人家庭完成无障碍改造，贫困重度残疾人照护服务创新实践取得显著成效。
Strengthening the protection of impoverished people with disabilities in an all-round way. More than 7 million poor people with disabilities have been lifted out of poverty as scheduled. This is a historic achievement in poverty alleviation among groups with special difficulties. The systems for providing living allowances for poor people with disabilities and nursing subsidies for severely disabled persons cover more than 24 million. China includes 10.67 million people with disabilities in the system of subsistence allowances. Poor people with disabilities are now all covered by basic medical insurance and serious illness insurance. Among them, 547,000 people have received medical assistance. China has made efforts to ensure 1.79 million poor households with one or more disabled members live in secure housing. The special needs of impoverished people with disabilities are being met. More than 80,000 disadvantaged children with disabilities have received generally beneficiary pre-school education. The houses of 653,000 impoverished households with severely disabled members have been upgraded for better accessibility. New progress has been made in nursing care for poor and severely disabled people.
（五）贫困地区基层治理能力显著提升
5. Significantly Improving Grassroots Social Governance in Poverty-stricken Areas
脱贫攻坚是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化在贫困治理领域的成功实践。打赢脱贫攻坚战，促进了国家贫困治理体系的完善，贫困地区基层治理体系进一步健全、治理能力显著提升。
The fight against poverty is a successful exercise in the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance. Our success in this battle has improved our poverty governance, and significantly improved China's systems and capacity for grassroots social governance in impoverished areas.
农村基层党组织更加坚强。农村基层党组织是中国共产党在农村全部工作和战斗力的基础，是贯彻落实扶贫工作决策部署的战斗堡垒。坚持抓党建促脱贫攻坚、抓扶贫先强班子，整顿软弱涣散基层党组织，精准选派贫困村党组织第一书记、驻村工作队，把农村致富能手、退役军人、外出务工经商返乡人员、农民合作社负责人、大学生村官等群体中具有奉献精神、吃苦耐劳、勇于创新的优秀党员选配到村党组织书记岗位上，基层党组织的战斗堡垒作用不断增强，凝聚力战斗力号召力明显提高，党群干群关系更加密切，贫困地区群众对党和政府的信赖、信任、信心进一步增强，党在农村的执政基础更加牢固。
Stronger grassroots Party organizations in rural areas. Grassroots Party organizations are the cornerstone of the CPC's rural work, playing a key role in ensuring that decisions and plans on poverty alleviation are implemented. China has strengthened the leading group to win this battle against poverty. Weak and slack grassroots Party organizations have been rectified and consolidated, and first Party secretaries and resident working teams are carefully selected and dispatched to poverty-stricken villages. We select a range of people as village leaders to hold the post of secretary of village Party organizations – hard-working, dedicated, and innovative Party members from those who have lifted themselves out of poverty in rural areas, veterans, returning migrant workers and business people, heads of farmer cooperatives, and college graduates. Village Party branches perform a decisive role in this battle, and continue to enhance their cohesion and skills. With closer relations between the villagers and village officials, and between the Party and the people, people in poverty-stricken areas have greater trust and confidence in the Party and the government, laying solid foundations for the Party's governance in rural areas.
基层群众自治更加有效。脱贫攻坚有力推动了贫困地区基层民主政治建设，基层治理更具活力。村委会（居委会）作用更好发挥，贫困群众自我管理、自我教育、自我服务、自我监督不断加强。认真落实村（居）务公开，坚持重大问题民主决策。坚持群众的事由群众商量着办，群众的事由群众定，群众参与基层治理的积极性主动性创造性进一步增强。脱贫攻坚之初，很多贫困村几乎没有集体经济收入，到2020年底全国贫困村的村均集体经济收入超过12万元。稳定的集体经济收入改变了很多村级组织过去没钱办事的困境，增强了村级组织自我保障和服务群众的能力。
Grassroots governance is becoming more effective. Grassroots democracy has advanced in poverty-stricken areas as a result of the battle against poverty, inspiring vitality in local communities. Villagers and residents committees are more actively involved, while the poor are able to do more in improving their own management, education, services and supervision. Village affairs have become more transparent, so that villagers can discuss and direct their own affairs and engage in democratic decision-making on issues of importance. The public are becoming increasingly active and are breaking new ground in grassroots governance. At the beginning of poverty alleviation, many poor villages had little collective income. By the end of 2020, the average collective income in impoverished villages across the country had exceeded RMB120,000. With a steady collective income, many village organizations have become more capable of keeping operations running and serving the people.
懂农业、爱农村、爱农民的“三农”工作队伍不断壮大。2013年以来，全国累计选派300多万名第一书记和驻村干部开展精准帮扶。广大基层干部和扶贫干部心系贫困群众、甘愿牺牲奉献，满腔热情地为贫困群众办实事、解难题，赢得了贫困群众发自内心的认可。在脱贫攻坚的艰苦磨砺中，广大基层干部和扶贫干部坚韧、乐观、充满奋斗精神，带领群众脱贫致富的信心更加坚定、本领进一步增强。大批教育、科技、医疗卫生、文化等领域的专业人才支援贫困地区建设，大批企业家到贫困地区投资兴业，很多高校毕业生放弃城市的优厚待遇回到农村建设家乡。变富变美的农村吸引力不断增强，大批热爱农村、扎根农村、建设农村的人才留下来，为农业农村现代化继续贡献力量。
Increasing the number of rural service personnel who have a good knowledge of agriculture, love our rural areas, and care about rural people. Since 2013, more than 3 million first Party secretaries and resident working team members have been selected and dispatched to carry out targeted poverty alleviation. Officials working at the grassroots and poverty relief officials always concern themselves first and foremost with the interests of the poor. They dedicate themselves to practical actions and solving tough problems for the poor, and thereby win public approval. Going through hardships in the battle against poverty, persistent, optimistic, hard-working grassroots officials and poverty relief officials have become more confident in motivating people to shake off poverty and more capable of doing it. A large number of professionals and entrepreneurs in fields such as education, science and technology, healthcare and culture have gone to poverty-stricken regions to aid construction and make investments. Many college graduates have resisted the temptation of much better pay and benefits in cities to go back and help their hometowns in rural areas. Becoming more prosperous and attractive, rural areas are better able to attract and retain talented professionals who love the countryside, encouraging them to take roots and assist with agricultural and rural modernization.
社会治理水平明显提升。脱贫攻坚为贫困地区带来了先进发展理念、现代科技手段、科学管理模式，显著提升了贫困地区的社会治理水平。脱贫攻坚行之有效的制度体系和方法手段，为基层社会治理探索了新路径，促进了网格化管理、精细化服务、信息化支撑、开放共享的基层管理服务体系的建立和完善，社会治理的社会化、法治化、智能化、专业化水平进一步提升，基层社会矛盾预防和化解能力显著增强，贫困地区社会更加和谐、稳定、有序。
Notable progress made in strengthening China's capacity for social governance. China's poverty relief efforts have brought advanced concepts of development, modern technology, and scientific management models to impoverished areas, significantly improving social governance. In the process, China has explored new ways in grassroots social governance, and put in place an open and information-based grassroots system to provide a gridded management model and better services for everyone. All these have strengthened public participation and rule of law in social governance, and made it smarter and more specialized, improving the ability of the grassroots to prevent and resolve conflicts, and helping maintain harmony, stability and order in impoverished areas.
脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，创造了中国减贫史乃至人类减贫史上的伟大奇迹，极大增强了中华民族的自信心自豪感和凝聚力向心力，极大增强了中国人民的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，极大增强了中国人民创造更加美好生活的信心和底气。这一伟大胜利，彰显了中国共产党始终坚守的初心使命和强大政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力，彰显了中国特色社会主义制度集中力量办大事的优势，彰显了中国精神、中国价值、中国力量，彰显了中国人民为实现梦想拼搏奋斗、敢教日月换新天的意志品质，彰显了中华民族无所畏惧、不屈不挠、敢于斗争、坚决战胜前进道路上一切困难和挑战的精神品格。脱贫攻坚伟大实践锻造形成“上下同心、尽锐出战、精准务实、开拓创新、攻坚克难、不负人民”的脱贫攻坚精神，赓续传承了伟大民族精神和时代精神，将激励中国人民为创造美好未来继续奋斗。
Our complete victory over extreme poverty is an outstanding achievement in the history of both China and humanity. It has reinforced the Chinese nation's self-belief and its sense of pride, cohesiveness and affinity. It has strengthened the people's confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and given them trust in their ability to build a better life. This great victory shows that the CPC has held fast to its original aspiration and mission, and demonstrates its ability to lead politically, to guide through theory, to organize the people, and to inspire society. It shows the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics in pooling resources to solve major problems. It highlights China's spirit, China's values, China's strength, and the willpower of the Chinese people to strive to realize dreams with bold resolve which dares to make sun and moon shine in new skies. It exemplifies the fearless and indomitable character of the Chinese nation, determined to struggle and resolutely overcome all difficulties and challenges along the way. A will to unite as one, do our best, set targets, adopt a pragmatic approach, be pioneers, innovate, tackle tough issues head-on, and live up to our people's trust, has formed in the great endeavors of poverty alleviation. It has fostered a Chinese ethos and a readiness to respond to the call of our times, and will continue to inspire our people to create a better future.
三、实施精准扶贫方略
III. The Strategy of Targeted Poverty Alleviation
对于贫困人口规模庞大的国家，找准贫困人口、实施扶真贫是普遍性难题。脱贫攻坚贵在精准、重在精准，成败之举在于精准。中国在脱贫攻坚实践中，积极借鉴国际经验，紧密结合中国实际，创造性地提出并实施精准扶贫方略，做到扶持对象、项目安排、资金使用、措施到户、因村派人、脱贫成效“六个精准”，实施发展生产、易地搬迁、生态补偿、发展教育、社会保障兜底“五个一批”，解决好扶持谁、谁来扶、怎么扶、如何退、如何稳“五个问题”，增强了脱贫攻坚的目标针对性，提升了脱贫攻坚的整体效能。
Identifying those truly in need is a universal problem in countries with a large population in poverty. Accurate identification of the poor and targeted measures is central to any effort to eradicate poverty. In its poverty elimination effort, China has actively learned from international experience, fully considered its actual conditions, and launched a series of guidelines and measures to increase efficiency, summarized as accomplishing "Targeted Efforts in Six Areas"[ This refers to efforts to identify the poor accurately, arrange targeted programs, utilize capital efficiently, take household-based measures, dispatch first Party secretaries based on village conditions, and achieve the set goals.], taking "Five Measures for Poverty Eradication"[ The measures include: boosting the economy to provide more job opportunities, relocating poor people from inhospitable areas, compensating for economic losses associated with reducing ecological damage, improving education in impoverished areas, and providing subsistence allowances for those unable to shake off poverty through their own efforts alone. ], and addressing "Five Questions in Poverty Alleviation"[ This refers to these questions: who should help, who should be helped, how to help, how to evaluate whether someone has emerged from poverty, and how to ensure those people stay free from poverty. ].
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