翻译数据库中英对照：《人类减贫的中国实践》白皮书 [6]
Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution [6]
脱贫攻坚既是一场深刻的物质革命，也是一场深刻的思想革命；既取得了物质上的累累硕果，也取得了精神上的累累硕果。贫困群众的精神世界在脱贫攻坚中得到充实和升华，信心更坚、脑子更活、心气更足，发生了从内而外的深刻改变。
The battle against poverty is a profound revolution and complete victory on both material and theoretical level. Through this battle, the mindset of the poor has been enriched and sublimed – they have greater confidence, more active minds, and higher aspirations; they have experienced a thorough transformation from the inside to the outside.
脱贫致富热情高涨。脱贫攻坚不仅使贫困群众拓宽了增收渠道、增加了收入，而且唤醒了贫困群众对美好生活的追求，极大提振和重塑了贫困群众自力更生、自强不息，勤劳致富、勤俭持家，创业干事、创优争先的精气神，增强了脱贫致富的信心和劲头。“好日子是干出来的”，贫困群众比着把日子往好里过，依靠自己的辛勤劳动摆脱贫困，形成了你追我赶奔小康的浓厚氛围。
The impoverished have a deep desire to rid themselves of the shackles of poverty and achieve prosperity. The poverty relief efforts have not only widened channels for the impoverished to improve their material welfare but rekindled their desire to seek a better life as well. Impoverished people have been inspired to seek prosperity through hard work, self-reliance, frugality and entrepreneurship, and strive for excellence. They are highly motivated and have more confidence about getting rid of poverty. As the Chinese people always say, "Good days come after hard work". They are ready to compete in the race to prosperity.
主人翁意识显著提升。脱贫攻坚为贫困群众参与集体事务搭建了新的平台。扶贫项目实施、资金使用等村级重大事项决策，实行“四议两公开”，建立健全村务监督机制，推广村民议事会、扶贫理事会等制度，让村民做到“大家的事大家议、大家办”，拓展了贫困群众参与脱贫攻坚的议事管事空间，提高了参与集体事务的积极性自觉性，激发了建设家乡的热情，乡村发展的凝聚力大大增强。
The impoverished have a stronger sense of self-reliance. The poverty alleviation work has set up a new platform for the impoverished to participate in collective affairs. When making major decisions on the implementation of poverty relief projects and the use of funds at the village level, villagers have carried out a "4+2" system[ "4+2" system refers to the democratic policy-making process on village affairs under the leadership of village Party organizations. "4" means four steps: Proposals should be put forward by the Party branch, jointly discussed by the village committee and the Party branch, and deliberated by Party members, and resolutions should be adopted by villagers' representatives; "2" means transparency on two levels – resolutions and implementation results should be made known to the public. ]. The oversight mechanisms for village affairs and villagers' councils and poverty relief councils have been improved to ensure that public affairs are discussed and handled by everyone. Under these arrangements, the impoverished have participated more in the decision making and implementation process in the battle against poverty. They have been more motivated to participate actively in collective affairs, more enthusiastic to build up their hometown, and more cohesive to develop the countryside.
现代观念不断增强。脱贫攻坚打开了贫困地区通往外部世界的大门。交通基础设施的改善打通了贫困地区与外界的联系，公共文化事业的发展丰富了贫困群众的精神文化生活，网络的普及让贫困群众增长了见识、开阔了视野。贫困群众的开放意识、创新意识、科技意识、规则意识、市场意识等显著增强，脱贫致富的点子越来越多、路子越来越宽。
The impoverished have been constantly upgrading their mindsets. The battle against poverty has opened the door to the outside world for poverty-stricken areas. Improvements in transport infrastructure have established links between poor areas and the outside world; development of public cultural undertakings has enriched the cultural life of impoverished people; with better access to the internet, the poor have greater knowledge, broader horizons, and a deeper understanding of openness, innovation, technology, rules and markets. They are capable of generating more ideas and opening wider channels for poverty alleviation.
文明新风广泛弘扬。深化贫困地区文明村镇和文明家庭、“五好”家庭创建，持续推进新时代文明实践中心建设，发挥村规民约作用，推广道德评议会、红白理事会等做法，开展移风易俗行动，开展弘扬好家风、“星级文明户”评选、寻找“最美家庭”等活动，社会主义核心价值观广泛传播，贫困地区文明程度显著提升。俭朴节约、绿色环保、讲究卫生等科学、健康、文明的生活方式成为贫困群众的新追求，婚事新办、丧事简办、孝亲敬老、邻里和睦、扶危济困、扶弱助残等社会风尚广泛弘扬，既有乡土气息又有现代时尚的新时代乡村文明新风正在形成。
Cultural and ethical work has been advancing in impoverished regions. Civility villages and towns are being built in poverty-stricken areas, and civil families cultivated under the "Five Family Virtues" program (encouraging respect for the law, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, and industrious and thrifty management of the household). Social etiquette, village rules, agreements among villagers, and councils on moral issues, weddings and funerals have been promoted, to update outmoded and undesirable habits and customs. Activities, such as competition for best households and families, have been organized to carry forward cherished family traditions, spread core socialist values, and enhance social etiquette and civility. Scientific, healthy and civilized new ways of life which are simple, green, eco-friendly, and hygienic have been embraced by the villagers. Good social practices, including modest weddings and funerals, filial piety, harmonious neighborhoods, and helping the needy, the weak and the disabled, have been promoted. In the new era, new cultural practices with a local and modern essence are developing in rural areas.
（四）特殊困难群体生存发展权利有效保障
4. Protecting the Rights of Special Groups to Basic Needs and Development
中国高度重视妇女、儿童、老人和残疾人等群体中特殊困难人员的生存和发展，采取特殊政策，加大帮扶力度，特殊困难群体的福利水平持续提高，生存权利充分保障，发展机会明显增多。
China prioritizes the basic rights of subsistence and development of the disadvantaged groups among women, children, the elderly, and the disabled. The nation has enacted favorable policies and provided more assistance to raise the welfare level of these groups.
贫困妇女生存发展状况显著改善。坚持男女平等基本国策，将妇女作为重点扶贫对象，实现脱贫的近1亿贫困人口中妇女约占一半。实施《中国妇女发展纲要（2011－2020年）》，把缓解妇女贫困程度、减少贫困妇女数量放在优先位置，扶贫政策、资金、措施优先向贫困妇女倾斜，帮助贫困妇女解决最困难最忧虑最急迫的问题。累计对1021万名贫困妇女和妇女骨干进行各类技能培训，500多万名贫困妇女通过手工、种植养殖、家政、电商等增收脱贫。累计发放妇女小额担保贷款和扶贫小额信贷4500多亿元，870万名妇女通过小额担保贷款和扶贫小额信贷实现创业增收。19.2万名贫困患病妇女获得救助，妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查项目在贫困地区实现全覆盖。通过“母亲水窖”“母亲健康快车”“母亲邮包”等公益项目，投入公益资金41.7亿元，惠及贫困妇女5000余万人次。
Living conditions of impoverished women have been improving. China adheres to the fundamental national policy of gender equality, and sees women as a key target in poverty alleviation. Among nearly 100 million who have shaken off poverty, women account for half. By implementing the Outline of Women's Development in China (2011-2020), China has given priority to helping women alleviate poverty and reducing the number of women in poverty, given preferential treatment to women when making poverty alleviation policies, allocated funds and taken measures, and helped them solve the most difficult, most worrying and most pressing problems. A total of 10.21 million impoverished women have received skills training, over 5 million of whom have increased their incomes through activities such as handicrafts, crop and animal husbandry, housekeeping and e-business. Small-sum guaranteed loans and micro credit amounting to more than RMB450 billion have been provided to impoverished women, which have helped 8.7 million women to start businesses and increase their incomes. China has assisted 192,000 women who suffer from poverty and diseases and launched a program of free cervical and breast cancer checkups to cover all women in poverty-stricken areas. RMB4.17 billion has been invested in titled campaigns to provide 50 million impoverished mothers in impoverished areas with infrastructure and health benefits, as well as daily necessities.
困境儿童关爱水平明显提高。实施《中国儿童发展纲要（2011－2020年）》《国家贫困地区儿童发展规划（2014－2020年）》，对儿童教育和健康实施全过程保障和干预。开展儿童营养知识宣传和健康教育，实施贫困地区儿童营养改善项目，提高贫困地区儿童健康水平，为集中连片特困地区6－24月龄婴幼儿每天免费提供1包辅食营养补充品，截至2020年底，累计1120万儿童受益。实施出生缺陷干预救助项目，为先天性结构畸形、部分遗传代谢病和地中海贫血贫困患病儿童提供医疗费用补助，累计救助患儿4.1万名，拨付救助金4.7亿元。组织各类志愿者与孤儿、农村留守儿童、困境儿童结对，开展关爱帮扶，覆盖儿童和家长2519.2万人次。建立儿童之家28万余所、儿童快乐家园1200余个，为留守、困境儿童提供文体娱乐、心理疏导、生活照顾、家教指导等关爱服务。大幅提高孤儿保障水平，机构集中养育孤儿和社会散居孤儿平均保障标准分别达到每人每月1611.3元和1184.3元。实施孤儿医疗康复明天计划项目，累计投入17亿元、惠及22.3万名病残孤儿。实施福彩梦圆孤儿助学工程，累计投入5.4亿元、惠及在校就读孤儿5.4万人次。建立事实无人抚养儿童保障制度，25.3万名事实无人抚养儿童参照当地孤儿保障标准纳入保障范围。
Extending greater care to deprived children. China has implemented the Outline on the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020) and the National Development Plan for Children in Poor Areas (2014-2020) to provide security for children's education and health and deliver interventions when required. Efforts have been made to popularize knowledge on children's nutrition and health. Following the implementation of nutritional improvement projects for children in impoverished areas, children in these regions now enjoy better health. The government gives a free daily pack of nutritional dietary supplements to every baby and toddler aged 6-24 months in contiguous destitute areas. By the end of 2020, a total of 11.2 million children in those areas had benefitted from this project. Birth defect prevention & relief programs have been launched to help cover medical expenses for children who suffer from poverty and serious diseases such as congenital malformations, some inherited metabolic disorders, and thalassemia. A total of RMB470 million has been allocated for the care of 41,000 sick children. China has organized volunteers to pair up with orphans, deprived children, and children of migrant workers left at home in the countryside, providing care and help to 25.19 million children and parents. More than 280,000 children's homes and over 1,200 children's happy homes have been built to give entertainment, psychological counseling, life care and tutoring to deprived children and children of migrant workers left at home in the countryside. China continues to improve the protection of orphans' rights and interests, with monthly allowance for orphans in welfare institutions and families that provide temporary care totaling RMB1,611 and RMB1,184 per person respectively. China has invested RMB1.7 billion in the Tomorrow Plan for Rehabilitation of Handicapped Orphans to offer operations and rehabilitation to 223,000 orphans with disabilities. RMB540 million from the public welfare has been used to carry out a program to support school education for 54,000 orphans. A support system for de facto orphans has been established in China to cover 253,000 such children.
贫困老年人生活和服务保障显著改善。持续提高农村养老金待遇和贫困老年人口医疗保障水平，农村老年人口贫困问题进一步解决。经济困难的高龄、失能等老年人补贴制度全面建立，惠及3689万老年人。实施老年健康西部行项目，在西部贫困地区开展老年健康宣传教育，组织医务人员、志愿者开展义诊和健康指导服务，促进西部老年人健康素养和健康水平提高。建立农村留守老年人关爱服务制度，推动贫困老年人医疗保障从救治为主向健康服务为主转变。加强失能贫困老年人关爱照护，全面开展核查，确认62.7万失能贫困老年人，落实家庭医生签约服务59万人，失能贫困老年人健康状况明显改善。
Continuing to provide services and improve the lives of impoverished senior citizens. China has raised the amount of basic pension in rural areas and subsidies for basic medical insurance for poor seniors to further reduce poverty among the elderly in rural areas. The subsidy system for the poor population of advanced age and incapacitated seniors has been put in place, benefiting 36.89 million people. The government has initiated a program for the elderly in the western regions to promote health awareness among seniors in poverty-stricken areas, and organized medical workers and volunteers to provide free medical services and offer advice on health matters. China has developed a system to support and care for elderly people left behind by their families in the countryside after their grown-up children have moved to the cities in search of employment. It has shifted the focus of medical security for the impoverished elderly from medical treatment to health services. More care has been provided for incapacitated seniors living below the poverty line. On the basis of an overall inspection, China has verified 627,000 impoverished seniors who lost the ability to take care of themselves and extended contracted family doctor services to 590,000 of them, significantly improving their health.
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