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中英对照:《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书 [26]
Fighting COVID-19: China in Action [26]
发布时间:2020年06月07日
Published on Jun 07, 2020
针对输入性疫情,严格落实国境卫生检疫措施,强化从“国门”到“家门”的全链条、闭环式管理,持续抓紧抓实抓细外防输入、内防反弹工作。
To control any inbound infections from overseas, China has strictly enforced its border health and quarantine rules to ensure a full, closed cycle of management of all arrivals, from their entry at the border to the doorstep of where they would stay. Sustained, meticulous efforts have been made to prevent both inbound cases and a recurrence in domestic cases.
为疫情防控提供有力法治保障。依法将新冠肺炎纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病并采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施,纳入《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》规定的检疫传染病管理,同时做好国际国内法律衔接。一些地方人大常委会紧急立法,在国家法律和法规框架下授权地方政府在医疗卫生、防疫管理等方面,规定临时性应急行政管理措施。
Legal safeguards for epidemic prevention and control were strengthened. China listed Covid-19 as a Class B infectious disease, but addressed it with measures applicable to a Class A infectious disease under the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. It also applied control and quarantine measures under the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People’s Republic of China consistent with relevant provisions of international law and other domestic laws. Standing committees of some sub-national people’s congresses launched emergency legislation procedures as per the national legal framework, empowering local governments to introduce interim emergency administrative rules relating to healthcare and epidemic control.
严格执行传染病防治法及其实施办法等法律法规,出台依法防控疫情、依法惩治违法犯罪、保障人民生命健康安全的意见,加强治安管理、市场监管,依法惩处哄抬物价、囤积居奇、制假售假等破坏疫情防控的违法犯罪行为,强化防疫物资质量和价格监管,加大打击虚假违法广告力度,保障社会稳定有序。加强疫情防控期间行政执法监督,严格规范执法,公正文明执法,依法化解与疫情相关的法律纠纷,为疫情防控和企业复工复产提供法律保障和服务。加强普法宣传,引导公众依法行事。
The Law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and measures for its implementation have been strictly enforced, and guidelines have been promulgated on controlling the disease, combating epidemic-related crimes in accordance with the law, and protecting people’s lives and health. Law and order, and market supervision have been strengthened. Price gouging, hoarding and profiteering, production and sales of counterfeit or sub-standard products, and any other crimes impeding response efforts have been punished by law. Quality and price control of anti-epidemic supplies has been reinforced, and stronger measures have been taken against deceptive and illegal advertising, ensuring social order and stability. Supervision on administrative law enforcement has been intensified during epidemic control to ensure that the law is enforced in a strict, impartial, procedure-based, and non-abusive way. Legal disputes associated with the epidemic have been resolved in accordance with the law, and legal guarantees and services have been provided for Covid-19 response and for businesses returning to work. The government has also made greater efforts to raise public legal awareness and guide people to act within the parameters of the law.
遵循科学规律开展防控。新冠病毒是新病毒,对其认识需要有个过程。积极借鉴以往经验,紧密结合中国国情,遵循流行病学规律,探索行之有效的方法手段,用中国办法破解疫情防控难题。
Prevention and control efforts have been based on science. Covid-19 is a new virus and it will take time for humanity to understand it completely. In its quest for victory over the coronavirus, China has been mapping its own route to success – one based on reliable experience, tailored to its national conditions, and rooted in sound epidemiological practice.
注重发挥病毒学、流行病学、临床医学等领域专家作用,及时开展疫情形势分析研判,提出防控策略建议,充分尊重专家意见,增强疫情防控的科学性专业性。
China values the role of experts in virology, epidemiology, clinical medicine and related fields. China’s response has been professional because its response measures were based on timely analyses and assessments by scientists and public health experts, whose views and proposals were fully respected.
秉持科学态度,加强病毒感染、致病机理、传播途径、传播能力等研究,与世界卫生组织及其他国家和地区保持沟通交流。
China has given full support to factual and scientific research on virus infection, pathogenesis, transmission routes and transmissibility while maintaining exchanges and communication with the WHO and other countries and regions.
随着对病毒认识的不断深化,及时调整和优化工作措施,不断提升防控水平。根据疫情形势变化和评估结果,先后制修订6版新冠肺炎防控方案,科学规范开展病例监测、流行病学调查、可疑暴露者和密切接触者管理以及实验室检测等工作。针对重点人群、重点场所、重点单位发布15项防控技术方案、6项心理疏导工作方案,并细化形成50项防控技术指南,进一步提高疫情防控的科学性精准性。
With a growing body of knowledge of the virus, China has modified and optimized its response measures in a timely manner to make them more effective. It has developed a Covid-19 prevention and control protocol and updated it five times based on assessments of the evolving epidemic dynamics. The protocol provides a set of reliable standards for case monitoring, epidemiological investigation, management of close contacts and of those suspected of exposure to infection, and procedure-based tests in laboratories. China has also published 15 technical manuals on epidemic prevention and control for key population groups, locations and organizations, 6 work plans on psychological counseling for people affected by Covid-19, and 50 specific technical guidelines. All of this has ensured that China’s prevention and control efforts are more targeted and science-based.
(三)全力救治患者、拯救生命
3. An All-Out Effort to Treat Patients and Save Lives
医疗救治始终以提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病亡率的“两提高”“两降低”为目标,坚持集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治“四集中”原则,坚持中西医结合,实施分类救治、分级管理。对重症患者,调集最优秀的医生、最先进的设备、最急需的资源,不惜一切代价进行救治,大幅度降低病亡率;对轻症患者及早干预,尽可能在初期得以治愈,大幅度降低转重率。
From the outset, China’s goal in its medical response to Covid-19 has been to improve the patient admission and cure rates and reduce the infection and fatality rates. The infected were treated in dedicated medical facilities where medical specialists from all over the country and all the necessary medical resources were concentrated. Both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were applied. A condition-specific and category-based approach was applied to medical treatment of patients. Severe cases were treated by the best doctors using the most advanced equipment, and critical supplies were pooled to save lives at all costs. It is through such efforts that the Covid-19 fatality rate in China has dropped sharply. Early medical intervention has made it possible to have patients with mild symptoms cured without delay, thus significantly reducing the risk that their condition might worsen.
集中优势资源加强重症救治。疫情突发导致武汉市医疗资源挤兑。针对疫情初期患者数量激增与床位资源不足的突出矛盾,集中资源和力量在武汉市建设扩充重症定点医院和救治床位,将全部重症危重症患者集中到综合实力最强且具备呼吸道传染性疾病收治条件的综合医院集中开展救治。建成火神山、雷神山两座各可容纳1000多张床位的传染病专科医院,改扩建一批定点医院,改造一批综合医院,使重症床位从1000张左右迅速增加至9100多张,解决了重症患者大规模收治难题。优化重症救治策略,制定个体化医疗救治方案。
Pooling premium resources to treat severe cases. The sudden appearance of Covid-19 in Wuhan put an overwhelming strain on its medical resources. There was a severe shortage of hospital beds in the early stage as the number of infections surged. By directing resources to Wuhan, China expanded the capacity of designated hospitals to deal with severe cases and increased the number of beds. Patients in severe and critical condition were gathered for treatment and intensive care at the best hospitals with the greatest capacity for accommodating patients with infectious respiratory diseases. Two hospitals with 1,000-plus beds each – Huoshenshan and Leishenshan – were built as specialist hospitals for treating infectious diseases, and a number of designated and general hospitals were expanded or remodeled. The number of beds for severe cases quickly increased from around 1,000 to more than 9,100. Hospitals were able to admit large numbers of patients who were seriously ill.
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