翻译数据库中英对照：2018年政府工作报告 [2]
Report on the Work of the Government 2018 [2]
五年来，改革开放迈出重大步伐。改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进，重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展，主要领域改革主体框架基本确立。简政放权、放管结合、优化服务等改革推动政府职能发生深刻转变，市场活力和社会创造力明显增强。“一带一路”建设成效显著，对外贸易和利用外资结构优化、规模稳居世界前列。
Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening up.In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and at key links and seeing that in the main areas the general frameworks for reform are basically established. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity. Notable achievements have been made in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.
五年来，人民生活持续改善。脱贫攻坚取得决定性进展，贫困人口减少6800多万，易地扶贫搬迁830万人，贫困发生率由10．2％下降到3．1％。居民收入年均增长7．4％、超过经济增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群体。出境旅游人次由8300万增加到1亿3千多万。教育事业全面发展。社会养老保险覆盖9亿多人，基本医疗保险覆盖13．5亿人，织就了世界上最大的社会保障网。人均预期寿命达到76．7岁。棚户区住房改造2600多万套，农村危房改造1700多万户，上亿人喜迁新居。
Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent. Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group. Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million. Education has seen all-around development. Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world. On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years. Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas, with the result that more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.
五年来，生态环境状况逐步好转。制定实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三个“十条”并取得扎实成效。单位国内生产总值能耗、水耗均下降20％以上，主要污染物排放量持续下降，重点城市重污染天数减少一半，森林面积增加1．63亿亩，沙化土地面积年均缩减近2000平方公里，绿色发展呈现可喜局面。
Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress. Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent. Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year. Encouraging progress has been made in green development.
刚刚过去的2017年，经济社会发展主要目标任务全面完成并好于预期。国内生产总值增长6．9％，居民收入增长7．3％，增速均比上年有所加快；城镇新增就业1351万人，失业率为多年来最低；工业增速回升，企业利润增长21％；财政收入增长7．4％，扭转了增速放缓态势；进出口增长14．2％，实际使用外资1363亿美元、创历史新高。经济发展呈现出增长与质量、结构、效益相得益彰的良好局面。这是五年来一系列重大政策效应累积，各方面不懈努力、久久为功的结果。
In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance exceeded expectations. GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates. Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was at its lowest level in years. Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent. Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth. The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent. Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S. dollars, hitting a new all-time high.The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other. This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.
过去五年取得的全方位、开创性成就，发生的深层次、根本性变革，再次令世界瞩目，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪。
The past five years have seen groundbreaking achievements on every front and profound and fundamental changes, attracting global attention and bringing all of us in China pride and inspiration.
五年来，我们认真贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，主要做了以下工作。
Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The following are the highlights of that work:
（一）坚持稳中求进工作总基调，着力创新和完善宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间、实现稳中向好。这些年，世界经济复苏乏力，国际金融市场跌宕起伏，保护主义明显抬头。我国经济发展中结构性问题和深层次矛盾凸显，经济下行压力持续加大，遇到不少两难多难抉择。面对这种局面，我们保持战略定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是适应把握引领经济发展新常态，统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，不断创新和完善宏观调控，确立区间调控的思路和方式，加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。明确强调只要经济运行在合理区间，就业增加、收入增长、环境改善，就集中精力促改革、调结构、添动力。采取既利当前更惠长远的举措，着力推进供给侧结构性改革，适度扩大总需求，推动实现更高层次的供需动态平衡。经过艰辛努力，我们顶住了经济下行压力、避免了“硬着陆”，保持了经济中高速增长，促进了结构优化，经济长期向好的基本面不断巩固和发展。
First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism. In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.In facing this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies. Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk. We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve range-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading. The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.
坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。在财政收支矛盾较大情况下，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。分步骤全面推开营改增，结束了66年的营业税征收历史，累计减税超过2万亿元，加上采取小微企业税收优惠、清理各种收费等措施，共减轻市场主体负担3万多亿元。加强地方政府债务管理，实施地方政府存量债务置换，降低利息负担1．2万亿元。调整财政支出结构，盘活沉淀资金，保障基本民生和重点项目。财政赤字率一直控制在3％以内。货币政策保持稳健中性，广义货币M2增速呈下降趋势，信贷和社会融资规模适度增长。采取定向降准、专项再贷款等差别化政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节支持，小微企业贷款增速高于各项贷款平均增速。改革完善汇率市场化形成机制，保持人民币汇率基本稳定，外汇储备转降为升。妥善应对“钱荒”等金融市场异常波动，规范金融市场秩序，防范化解重点领域风险，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。
We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth. Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax. The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan. We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees. All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan. We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan. We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs. The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent.Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral. The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth. Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links. The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending. We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable; and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling. We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and defused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risk, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.
（二）坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，着力培育壮大新动能，经济结构加快优化升级。紧紧依靠改革破解经济发展和结构失衡难题，大力发展新兴产业，改造提升传统产业，提高供给体系质量和效率。
Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers and sped up economic structural upgrading.We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.
扎实推进“三去一降一补”。五年来，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后产能基础上，以钢铁、煤炭等行业为重点加大去产能力度，中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金予以支持，用于分流职工安置。退出钢铁产能1．7亿吨以上、煤炭产能8亿吨，安置分流职工110多万人。因城施策分类指导，三四线城市商品住宅去库存取得明显成效，热点城市房价涨势得到控制。积极稳妥去杠杆，控制债务规模，增加股权融资，工业企业资产负债率连续下降，宏观杠杆率涨幅明显收窄、总体趋于稳定。多措并举降成本，压减政府性基金项目30％，削减中央政府层面设立的涉企收费项目60％以上，阶段性降低“五险一金”缴费比例，推动降低用能、物流、电信等成本。突出重点加大补短板力度。
Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal; and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees. We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third- and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance. The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining. Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut; over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished; the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.And, with a focus on key issues, we have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness.
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