翻译数据库中英对照：《台湾问题与新时代中国统一事业》白皮书 [3]
The Taiwan Question and China’s Reunification in the New Era [3]
公元230年，三国时期吴人沈莹所著《临海水土志》留下了关于台湾最早的记述。隋朝政府曾三次派兵到时称“流求”的台湾。宋元以后，中国历代中央政府开始在澎湖、台湾设治，实施行政管辖。
The earliest references to this effect are to be found, among others, in Seaboard Geographic Gazetteer compiled in the year 230 by Shen Ying of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period. The royal court of the Sui Dynasty had on three occasions sent troops to Taiwan, called Liuqiu at that time. Starting from the Song and Yuan dynasties, the imperial central governments of China all set up administrative bodies to exercise jurisdiction over Penghu and Taiwan.
1624年，荷兰殖民者侵占台湾南部。1662年，民族英雄郑成功驱逐荷兰殖民者收复台湾。清朝政府逐步在台湾扩增行政机构，1684年设立台湾府，隶属福建省管辖；1885年改设台湾为行省，是当时中国第20个行省。
In 1624, Dutch colonialists invaded and occupied the southern part of Taiwan. In 1662, General Zheng Chenggong, hailed as a national hero, led an expedition and expelled them from the island. Subsequently, the Qing court gradually set up more administrative bodies in Taiwan. In 1684, a Taiwan prefecture administration was set up under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. In 1885, Taiwan’s status was upgraded and it became the 20th province of China.
1894年7月，日本发动侵略中国的甲午战争，次年4月迫使战败的清朝政府割让台湾及澎湖列岛。抗日战争时期，中国共产党人明确提出收复台湾的主张。1937年5月15日，毛泽东同志会见美国记者尼姆·韦尔斯时表示：“中国的抗战是要求得最后的胜利，这个胜利的范围，不限于山海关，不限于东北，还要包括台湾的解放。”
In July 1894, Japan launched a war of aggression against China. In April 1895, the defeated Qing government was forced to cede Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan. During the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945), China’s Communists called for the recovery of Taiwan. Talking with American journalist Nym Wales on May 15, 1937, Mao Zedong said that China’s goal was to achieve a final victory in the war – a victory that would recover the occupied Chinese territories in Northeast China and to the south of the Shanhai Pass, and secure the liberation of Taiwan.
1941年12月9日，中国政府发布对日宣战布告，宣告“所有一切条约、协定、合同，有涉及中日间之关系者，一律废止”，并宣布将收回台湾、澎湖列岛。
On December 9, 1941, the Chinese government issued a declaration of war against Japan, and proclaimed that all treaties, conventions, agreements, and contracts regarding relations between China and Japan had been abrogated, and that China would recover Taiwan and the Penghu Islands.
1943年12月1日，中美英三国政府发表《开罗宣言》宣布，三国之宗旨在使日本所窃取于中国之领土，例如东北、台湾、澎湖列岛等，归还中国。
The Cairo Declaration issued by China, the United States and the United Kingdom on December 1, 1943 stated that it was the purpose of the three allies that all the territories Japan had stolen from China, such as Northeast China, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, should be restored to China.
1945年7月26日，中美英三国共同签署、后来苏联参加的《波茨坦公告》，重申“开罗宣言之条件必将实施”。同年9月，日本签署《日本投降条款》，承诺“忠诚履行波茨坦公告各项规定之义务”。10月25日，中国政府宣告“恢复对台湾行使主权”，并在台北举行“中国战区台湾省受降仪式”。由此，通过一系列具有国际法律效力的文件，中国从法律和事实上收复了台湾。
The Potsdam Proclamation was signed by China, the United States and the United Kingdom on July 26, 1945, and subsequently recognized by the Soviet Union. It reiterated: “The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out.” In September of the same year, Japan signed the instrument of surrender, in which it promised that it would faithfully fulfill the obligations laid down in the Potsdam Proclamation. On October 25, the Chinese government announced that it was resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan, and the ceremony to accept Japan’s surrender in Taiwan Province of the China war theater of the Allied powers was held in Taibei (Taipei). From that point forward, China had recovered Taiwan de jure and de facto through a host of documents with international legal effect.
1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府宣告成立，取代中华民国政府成为代表全中国的唯一合法政府。这是在中国这一国际法主体没有发生变化情况下的政权更替，中国的主权和固有领土疆域没有改变，中华人民共和国政府理所当然地完全享有和行使中国的主权，其中包括对台湾的主权。
On October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was founded, becoming the successor to the Republic of China (1912-1949), and the Central People’s Government became the only legitimate government of the whole of China. The new government replaced the previous KMT regime in a situation where China, as a subject under international law, did not change and China’s sovereignty and inherent territory did not change. As a natural result, the government of the PRC should enjoy and exercise China’s full sovereignty, which includes its sovereignty over Taiwan.
由于中国内战延续和外部势力干涉，海峡两岸陷入长期政治对立的特殊状态，但中国的主权和领土从未分割也决不允许分割，台湾是中国领土的一部分的地位从未改变也决不允许改变。
As a result of the civil war in China in the late 1940s and the interference of external forces, the two sides of the Taiwan Straits have fallen into a state of protracted political confrontation. But the sovereignty and territory of China have never been divided and will never be divided, and Taiwan’s status as part of China’s territory has never changed and will never be allowed to change.
1971年10月，第26届联合国大会通过第2758号决议，决定：“恢复中华人民共和国的一切权利，承认她的政府的代表为中国在联合国组织的唯一合法代表并立即把蒋介石的代表从它在联合国组织及其所属一切机构中所非法占据的席位上驱逐出去。”这一决议不仅从政治上、法律上和程序上彻底解决了包括台湾在内全中国在联合国的代表权问题，而且明确了中国在联合国的席位只有一个，不存在“两个中国”、“一中一台”的问题。
At its 26th session in October 1971, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758, which undertook “to restore all its rights to the People’s Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Government as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it”. This resolution settled once and for all the political, legal and procedural issues of China’s representation in the UN, and it covered the whole country, including Taiwan. It also spelled out that China has one single seat in the UN, so there is no such thing as “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”.
随后，联合国相关专门机构以正式决议等方式，恢复中华人民共和国享有的合法席位，驱逐台湾当局的“代表”，如1972年5月第25届世界卫生大会通过第25.1号决议。联合国秘书处法律事务办公室官方法律意见明确指出，“台湾作为中国的一个省没有独立地位”，“台湾当局不享有任何形式的政府地位”。实践中，联合国对台湾使用的称谓是“台湾，中国的省（Taiwan，Province of China）”①。
The specialized agencies of the UN later adopted further resolutions restoring to the PRC its lawful seat and expelling the representatives of the Taiwan authorities. One of these is Resolution 25.1 adopted at the 25th World Health Assembly in May 1972. It was clearly stated in the official legal opinions of the Office of Legal Affairs of the UN Secretariat that “the United Nations considers ‘Taiwan’ as a province of China with no separate status”, and the “‘authorities’ in ‘Taipei’ are not considered to... enjoy any form of government status”. At the UN the island is referred to as “Taiwan, Province of China” [1].
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