翻译数据库中英对照：美国对华认知中的谬误和事实真相 [2]
Reality Check: Falsehoods in US Perceptions of China [2]
◆美国公然违反《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则以及国际关系基本准则，倚靠强大军事实力四处发动战争，制造分裂冲突，给世界带来巨大动荡和灾难。美国在建国以来240多年历史中仅有16年没有打仗，堪称“世界历史上最好战的国家”。美国《国家利益》杂志援引美国传统基金会防务项目高级研究员达科塔·伍德的话说，美国平均每15年就卷入一场战争。
◆ The US has blatantly violated the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and the norms governing international relations. With its military might, the US has launched wars in numerous parts of the world, stoking divisions and conflicts and bringing huge turmoil and disaster to the world. Throughout the 240-plus-year history of the US, there were only 16 years in which the US was not at war. The US might as well be called the most belligerent country in the history of the world. US magazine The National Interest quoted Dakota Wood, senior research fellow for defense programs at the Heritage Foundation, who wrote that the US consistently needed to deploy military force every 15 years or so.
二战结束以来，美国在海外发动或参与了朝鲜战争、越南战争、阿富汗战争、伊拉克战争等多场战争，造成极为严重的平民伤亡和财产损失，导致巨大的人道主义灾难。自2001年以来，美国以反恐之名发动的战争和军事行动已造成超过90万人死亡，其中约有33.5万是平民，数百万人受伤，数千万人流离失所。
Since the end of World War II, the United States has either launched or participated in many wars overseas, including the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Afghan War and the Iraq War. Those wars caused extremely severe civilian casualties and property losses, and lead to colossal humanitarian disasters. Since 2001, US wars and military operations in the name of counterterrorism have killed more than 900,000 people, about 335,000 of whom were civilians, injured millions and displaced tens of millions.
◆美国一贯将国内法凌驾于国际法之上，对国际规则采取合则用、不合则弃的实用主义态度。自20世纪80年代以来，美国曾退出联合国人权理事会、世卫组织、联合国教科文组织、《巴黎气候协定》、《伊朗核问题全面协议》、《武器贸易条约》、《中导条约》、《开放天空条约》等17个国际组织或协议。
◆ The US habitually puts its domestic law above the international law, and selectively applies international rules as it sees fit. Since the 1980s, the US had once withdrawn from 17 international organizations and treaties, including the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Paris Agreement, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty and the Treaty on Open Skies.
美国现政府上台后，尽管高调宣称“美国回来了”，重返了一些国际组织或协议，但实质上并未放弃“美国优先”政策，而是推进“有选择的多边主义”。对于《开放天空条约》等被认为有损美国利益的协议，美国现政府仍然延续“毁约退群”做法，被欧洲媒体称为“美国优先2.0版”。
Although the current US administration declared that “America is back” and the US has rejoined some international organizations and agreements, the administration has in essence not abandoned the “America First” policy, and is advancing “selective multilateralism”. The current administration has stayed out of institutions and agreements considered harmful to US interests such as the Treaty on Open Skies. European media have described it as “America First 2.0”.
◆美国滥用自身金融霸权和技术优势，借维护国家安全之名大搞经济胁迫。美国制订了《国际紧急经济权力法》《全球马格尼茨基人权问责法》《以制裁反击美国敌人法》等国内法并炮制了一系列行政令，直接对特定国家、组织或个人进行制裁，以“最低联系原则”“效果原则”等模棱两可的规则任意扩大美国内法管辖范围，还滥用国内司法诉讼渠道对其他国家实体和个人搞“长臂管辖”。
◆ The US has abused its financial hegemony and technological clout and engaged in economic coercion in the name of protecting national security. The US has enacted some domestic laws, such as the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act and the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, and issued a series of executive orders to target and sanction specific countries, entities or individuals. The ambiguous rules contained in these acts and executive orders, such as the “minimum contacts principle” and “doctrine of effects”, are a willful expansion of the jurisdiction of US domestic laws. The US also abuses its domestic channels of prosecution to exercise long-arm jurisdiction over entities and individuals in other countries.
60多年来，美国罔顾联合国大会的多项决议，基于通过的禁运政策和《托里切利法》《赫尔姆斯—伯顿法》等国内法构筑起针对古巴的全面封锁体系，实施了现代历史上持续时间最长、程度最严厉的系统性贸易禁运、经济封锁和金融制裁，令古蒙受直接经济损失逾千亿美元，严重损害古经济社会发展。
For more than 60 years, in total disregard of the many resolutions of the UN General Assembly, the US has continued its comprehensive blockade against Cuba based on its embargo policies and domestic laws such as the Torricelli Act and the Helms-Burton Act. The Cuba blockade is the longest and cruelest systemic trade embargo, economic blockade and financial sanctions in modern history. The blockade has been gravely detrimental to Cuba’s economic and social development, causing over 100 billion US dollars of direct losses to Cuba’s economy.
自上世纪70年代末，美国对伊朗实施了长期封锁和制裁。2018年5月，美国政府单方面退出伊朗核问题全面协议，随后重启并新增一系列对伊制裁。许多国家和相关实体被迫放弃与伊合作，大批国外石油企业陆续撤出伊，伊制造业难以正常运行，经济增速下滑，同时造成通胀高企、货币大幅贬值。
The US has carried out blockade and sanctions against Iran since late 1970s. In May 2018, the US government announced its unilateral withdrawal from the JCPOA, and soon after resumed and expanded sanctions against Iran. Many countries and relevant entities have been forced to give up their cooperation with Iran. A large number of foreign oil enterprises left the country. Iran’s manufacturing industry can hardly sustain normal operation. The country has suffered economic slowdown, coupled with heightened inflation and massive currency depreciation.
美国还对白俄罗斯、叙利亚、津巴布韦等国实施多年单边制裁，加大对朝鲜、委内瑞拉等国“极限施压”。
The US has imposed unilateral sanctions on Belarus, Syria and Zimbabwe, among others, over the years, and ratcheted up “maximum pressure” against the DPRK, Venezuela, etc.
◆据统计，美国上届政府累计实施逾3900项制裁措施，相当于平均每天挥舞3次“制裁大棒”。截至2021财年，美净制裁实体和个人高达9421个，较2000财年增长933%。
◆ Statistics show that the previous US administration had imposed over 3,900 sanction measures, which means it wielded its “big stick” three times a day on average. As of fiscal year 2021, the entities and individuals on US sanction lists topped 9,421, which was 933 percent higher compared to the fiscal year 2000.
美实施非法单边制裁与“长臂管辖”，严重损害他国主权安全，严重影响有关国家国计民生，严重违反国际法和国际关系基本准则。
The US’s illegal unilateral sanctions and long-arm jurisdiction have gravely undermined the sovereignty and security of other countries and severely impacted their economic development and people’s wellbeing. The sanctions and long-arm jurisdiction also constitute a gross violation of international law and basic norms of international relations.
注：为确保中英对照准确，“热词译”网站可能对中英文重新分段。